Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

bonds formed between atoms by the sharing of elements - strong bond

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2
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

attraction between slightly positive hydration atom and slightly negative atom - weak bond

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3
Q

Polarity

A

the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond

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4
Q

Electronegativity

A

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.

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5
Q

Hydrophilic substances

A

attracted to water, dissolves in water

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6
Q

Hydrophobic substances

A

repels from water (oily and greasy solutions)

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7
Q

Cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substances

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction between different substances

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

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10
Q

Solute

A

substance that dissolves in solvent

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11
Q

Solvent

A

able to dissolve other substances (water)

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12
Q

Solution

A

mixture composed of two or more substances.

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13
Q

Acid

A

a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red

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14
Q

Base

A

any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, turns litmus blue

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15
Q

pH

A

measure of how acidic/basic water is

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16
Q

Hydrologic Cycle

A

water cycle

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17
Q

Condensation

A

the process where water vapor becomes liquid

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18
Q

Evaporation

A

the process of turning from liquid into vapor

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19
Q

Transpiration

A

the process by which plants give off water vapor through openings in their leaves

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20
Q

Precipitation

A

any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth

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21
Q

surface runoff

A

water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface

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22
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

23
Q

Biotic

A

a living organism that shapes its environment

24
Q

Latitude

A

the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator

25
Q

Topography

A

study of the land surface

26
Q

Landmasses

A

a continent or other large body of land

27
Q

Biodiversity

A

all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area

28
Q

biogeochemical cycles

A

The flow of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms and the physical environment

29
Q

Habitat

A

a place where an organism makes its home

30
Q

Ecological Niche

A

the role an organism plays in a community

31
Q

Competitive Exclusion

A

the inevitable elimination from a habitat of one of two different species with identical needs for resources (gray squirrels replaced by red squirrels.)

32
Q

Ecological Equivalent

A

species that use similar niches in different habitats or locations

33
Q

Competition

A

organisms compete for the resources they need to survive, grow, and reproduce

34
Q

Predation

A

the preying of one animal on others.

35
Q

Mutualism

A

symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.

36
Q

Symbiosis

A

any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms

37
Q

Commensalism

A

two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

38
Q

Parasitism

A

nonmutual relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other

39
Q

Population Density

A

The number of individuals living within that specific location

40
Q

Population Dispersion

A

describes the arrangement of individuals within a habitat at a particular point in time

41
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

graphic representation of the number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to any specific age

42
Q

Immigration

A

an animal establishes a home in a habitat because it has resources it can utilize or because the habitat is ideal for them

43
Q

Emigration

A

an animal leaves its home because the habitat is no longer ideal for them and they need to find a more suitable environment

44
Q

exponential growth

A

the unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, occurring when resources in its habitat are unlimited.

45
Q

Logistic Growth

A

growth rate gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the environment

46
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

a species’ average population size in a particular habitat.

47
Q

Population Crash

A

a sudden decline in the numbers of individual members in a population, species or group of organisms

48
Q

Limiting Factor

A

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

49
Q

density-dependent limiting factors

A

disease, competition, and predation

50
Q

density-independent limiting factors

A

pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, natural disasyers

51
Q

Succession

A

the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time

52
Q

Primary Succession

A

development of an ecosystem that was not habituated before

53
Q

Pioneer Species

A

the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance

54
Q

secondary succession

A

growth of a damaged ecosystem that still has healthy soil