Unit 2 Test

Question 1

Covalent Bonds

Answer 1

bonds formed between atoms by the sharing of elements - strong bond

Question 2

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 2

attraction between slightly positive hydration atom and slightly negative atom - weak bond

Question 3

Polarity

Answer 3

the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond

Question 4

Electronegativity

Answer 4

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.

Question 5

Hydrophilic substances

Answer 5

attracted to water, dissolves in water

Question 6

Hydrophobic substances

Answer 6

repels from water (oily and greasy solutions)

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

attraction between molecules of the same substances

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

attraction between different substances

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

substance that dissolves in solvent

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

able to dissolve other substances (water)

Question 12

Solution

Answer 12

mixture composed of two or more substances.

Question 13

Acid

Answer 13

a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red

Question 14

Base

Answer 14

any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, turns litmus blue

Question 15

pH

Answer 15

measure of how acidic/basic water is

Question 16

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 16

water cycle

Question 17

Condensation

Answer 17

the process where water vapor becomes liquid

Question 18

Evaporation

Answer 18

the process of turning from liquid into vapor

Question 19

Transpiration

Answer 19

the process by which plants give off water vapor through openings in their leaves

Question 20

Precipitation

Answer 20

any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth

Question 21

surface runoff

Answer 21

water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface

Question 22

Abiotic

Answer 22

non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

Question 23

Biotic

Answer 23

a living organism that shapes its environment

Question 24

Latitude

Answer 24

the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator

Question 25

Topography

Answer 25

study of the land surface

Question 26

Landmasses

Answer 26

a continent or other large body of land

Question 27

Biodiversity

Answer 27

all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area

Question 28

biogeochemical cycles

Answer 28

The flow of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms and the physical environment

Question 29

Habitat

Answer 29

a place where an organism makes its home

Question 30

Ecological Niche

Answer 30

the role an organism plays in a community

Question 31

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 31

the inevitable elimination from a habitat of one of two different species with identical needs for resources (gray squirrels replaced by red squirrels.)

Question 32

Ecological Equivalent

Answer 32

species that use similar niches in different habitats or locations

Question 33

Competition

Answer 33

organisms compete for the resources they need to survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 34

Predation

Answer 34

the preying of one animal on others.

Question 35

Mutualism

Answer 35

symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved.

Question 36

Symbiosis

Answer 36

any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms

Question 37

Commensalism

Answer 37

two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

Question 38

Parasitism

Answer 38

nonmutual relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other

Question 39

Population Density

Answer 39

The number of individuals living within that specific location

Question 40

Population Dispersion

Answer 40

describes the arrangement of individuals within a habitat at a particular point in time

Question 41

Survivorship Curve

Answer 41

graphic representation of the number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to any specific age

Question 42

Immigration

Answer 42

an animal establishes a home in a habitat because it has resources it can utilize or because the habitat is ideal for them

Question 43

Emigration

Answer 43

an animal leaves its home because the habitat is no longer ideal for them and they need to find a more suitable environment

Question 44

exponential growth

Answer 44

the unrestricted growth of a population of organisms, occurring when resources in its habitat are unlimited.

Question 45

Logistic Growth

Answer 45

growth rate gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the environment

Question 46

Carrying Capacity

Answer 46

a species’ average population size in a particular habitat.

Question 47

Population Crash

Answer 47

a sudden decline in the numbers of individual members in a population, species or group of organisms

Question 48

Limiting Factor

Answer 48

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

Question 49

density-dependent limiting factors

Answer 49

disease, competition, and predation

Question 50

density-independent limiting factors

Answer 50

pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, natural disasyers

Question 51

Succession

Answer 51

the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time

Question 52

Primary Succession

Answer 52

development of an ecosystem that was not habituated before

Question 53

Pioneer Species

Answer 53

the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance

Question 54

secondary succession

Answer 54

growth of a damaged ecosystem that still has healthy soil