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Social 20 > Unit 2 terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 terms Flashcards

1
Q

Self-interest

A

ones personal interest especially without regard for others

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2
Q

Peacemaking

A
  • Allows soldiers to use forces for reasons other than selfdefense.

-May take measures to address a conflict involving diplomatic measures.

(less restrictions , and can be intiated by nation-states independent of the UN)

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3
Q

Domestic Policy

A
  • govt decisions about actions taken withen Canada

Canadian domestic policy is related to all activity and issues that occur withen state borders (withen Canada)

1) Guiding decisions about changing federal laws

2) Setting aboriginal land claims

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4
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

-Formly ending/wrapping up world war one
- Terms of the treaty included that Germany pays for all war reparations and was declared responsible for all financial, military, and territorial penalties.

Colonies lost: The treaty forced Germany to give up some of their territory to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.

Demilitarization/ of Rhineland: (reduction of state-armed forces) The strip of land boardering france was claimed a demilitrazed zone to increase the security of France, belgium and the netherlands against future german aggression.

forbidden Anschluss: By attempting to take austria the Nazi violated the treaty of Versailles.

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5
Q

Arctic Sovereignty

A
  • Competing claims between Canada, USA, Russia, Denmark, and Norway.

1) Increasingly important due to climate change - Open up north passage for sea travel

2) Vast oil, gas, and gold reserves

  • Canada devoted more money and attention towards it
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6
Q

Peacekeeping

A

Armed forces that maintain peace by keeping enemies apart until a crisis can be resolved through diplomacy and negotiation

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7
Q

Foreign Policy

A

Govt decisions about relationships with other countries and international bodies (u.s and NATO)

1) co-opperating with international organizations

2) signing treaties

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8
Q

National intrest

A

Democratic govt decisions based on how to benefit the country and it’s citizens.

  • What a country needs will change depending on different circumstances.
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9
Q

Three areas a country’s National interest might be focused on

A

1) Economic prosperity - including stable employment and a decent standard of living.

2) Security- measures to maintain national security and physical protection. Include laws that protect personal security and secure borders.

3) Beliefs and values- Affirming and promoting citizens values, beliefs, and culture trying to safeguard and protect the shared worldview.

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10
Q

Ultranationalism

A

Extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interest of one state above all.

  • Usually rises out of a country being in a state of economic and social hardship.
  • Strong superiority beliefs
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11
Q

Appeasement

A

Making compirmisesses to an aggressive foreign power in order to avoid war. Ex: British Foreign policy towards nazi germany in 1930

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12
Q

Hitler

A

Hitler dissolved the parliament and declared the start of the nazi empire with himself as dictator

Lost freedom:
- freedom of the press and assembly were taken away.
- postal, telegraph, and telephone communications were no longer private.

Views:
Hitler had extreme national superiority views and worked to transfer his way of thinking towards the people.

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13
Q

Holocaust

A
  • Genocide of the Jews committed by Nazi Germany during WWII
  • Due to lot’s of anticimitism and hitler blaming them for Germans defeat. There were lots of false conceptions around the Jewish population and what their intentions were.
  • Jew population was murdered through concentration/death camps, slave laubour camps, and village clearouts and mass murder.
  • Countries turned away jew refugee due to being concerned with the great depression.
  • Over 6 million dead
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14
Q

Armenian genocide

A

During WWI was the systematic clearing of the Armenian people to perserve the ottoman empire

-Because Armenian people were collectivly “guilty” for betraying the ottoman empire. This lead to a brutal genocide of all armenian people.

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15
Q

Total war

A

Unrestricted war
- No limits on weapons used, territory, people involved, or objectives pursued.

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16
Q

League of Nations/goal

A
  • US President Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points that would become the base for a peace settlement. Wilsons key idea was the creation of the league of nations.

The goal of the League of nations was to eliminate war between nations through international cooperations which would replace the old alliance system that had drawn the worlds powers in WWII.

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17
Q

Why did the League of nations fail

A

The members agreed to help keep peace but members were not required to to provide troops to stop aggression and the idea soon became an empty threat.

Members couldn’t agree when to take actions and after
- Japan invaded Manchuria and league member declined military action Japan withdrew from the league.
- Italy invades ethiopia and league condemns the invasion and economic protection was imposed but was meaningless. Sanctions pushed mussolini into Rome-Berlin axis with Hitler.

**Destroyed any credibility the league previously had.

18
Q

14 points of the league of nations/ main idea

A

The main objective was to obtain a long lasting, Just peace by removing the causes of war.
Promotion of free trade, elimination of war weapons, national security and democracy.

19
Q

Key feature of the league

A
  • Could send military forces supplied by member nations to help settle disputes
  • Agreed not to interfere in nation’s domestic affairs
  • a council of powerful nations with veto power
  • ** Unanimous vote needed for all decisions.
20
Q

Genocide

A

Killing and/or abuse of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group designed to eliminate the group.

21
Q

Crimes against Humanity

A

Widespread attacks and various abuse against civilian population (murder, rape, torture)

22
Q

Hirohito and Tojo in Japan

A

Tojo believe strongly in the expression of Japanese national expression and supported a militaristic viewpoint (strong aggressive military results in national progress) in which Japan could expand its territory through militaristic expansion

  • Dictatorship and strong sense of superiority.
  • Education systems were to eliminate western influences and olnly support Japanese suppiroirty
23
Q

Stalin

A

Leader of the Soviet Union.
- Attempted to eliminate any competing loyalties beside those of the soviet state and himself.
-*Gulags and prison camps used slave labour in siberia.

24
Q

Ukrainian Famine

A

Ukrainians resisted collectivism they didn’t want to conform their farm land so millions were killed in a forced famine as punishment in the 1930 (Holodomor)

25
Q

War crimes

A

Abuse, mistreatment (Humanitarian violations) and other offenses that occur during a time of conflict.

26
Q

Causes of World War one

A

MAIN

1) Militarism
- European nations building large militaries
- People were glorifying war and military (art, parades, good vibes) /people wanted to go to war and have a great experience.

2) Alliances
- Military aggrement for defense and offense were created to ensure collective identity.
- Complex alliance exscalated conflict.

3) Imperialism
- European nations had colonies and terriotoys overseas to protect and expand

4) Nationalism
- Nations were patriotic, loyal and devoted.
- Glorification to their own nation and lots of overconfidence.

27
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

Intended to displace or replace a existing groups ethnity

28
Q

Internment

A

Imprisionment of groups without any charges for criminal acts. Imprisonment of civilins of the enemy nation or an ethnic group.

29
Q

Rwandan genocide

A

(two main ethnic groups - Hutu and Tutsi)

  • Tutsi O.G rulers
  • Independence led to civilian war and Hutu seize power.
  • Ultranationalist used radio propaganda to label the tutsi’s as enimies and promote killing.
  • Campaign of genocide and mass murder - over 800 000 dead (90% of tutsi people)
  • UN peacekeepers powerless to stop the violence and refused for forces to interact directly.
30
Q

Hiroshima

A

During WWII an American plane dropped the first ever deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima. Many died during the bomb drop and later from the exposure to radiation.

3 days later a second bomb dropped on nagasaki killing many and lead to the countries unconditional surender in WWII

The Japanese bombing on pearl harbour brought them into WWII by doing this Japan damaged lots of military equipment and many lost their lives.

31
Q

Colonialism

A

The practice of taking full or partial control over another country occupying it with settlers and making full use of the economy

32
Q

Decolonization

A

The process where colonies become independent of the colonizing country.

Ex: African colonies becoming independent of britain, france, and Belgium all colonies that occupied their land.

33
Q

Self - determination

A

The power of a group to make descions in their own intrests and have control over their own affairs.

May be influenced by other countries but can not be controled by outsiders.

34
Q

Successor state

A

A new smaller state that has been formed after a larger country has been divided up.

Ex: the division of Czechoslovakia

35
Q

Darfur genocide

A

The systematic killing of the Darfuri people which occured during the war in darfur and the ongoing war in sudan in Darfur. Civil war for more than a decade.
War crimes: Yes
Crimes against humaintiy: Yes
Including: Intentional buring of homes, villages, crops, and destroying food stores

36
Q

Bosnia (ethnic cleansing)

A

Occured during the bosnia war and ethnic cleansing was prformed towards Bonsianin Muslims and Croats and were forced to fee thier homes or were expelled by military. Included murder, rape, expulsion and inpriosnment.
War crimes: Yes
Crimes against humainty: Yes

37
Q

Aftermath of WW1 for Tibet and Yugoslavia

A

Yugoslavia: Tito (communist politician) who originally went along with stalin and rejected the marshals aid plan but then he definitely broke from stalin and Yugoslavia gained its independence from serbia.

Tibet: They internationally recognized as part of China , and was formally reincorporated into the country. Recognized as a region of china.

38
Q

Nunavut self-government example

A

The Nunavut agreement is a modern treaty (comprehensive land agreement) where the self-government aspirations of nunavut are expressed through public government. This agreement means that the nunavut government represents all the people residing in its territory.

39
Q

WW1 & 2 impacts on Canada

A

WW1: The war created new demands, new movments, new reprission, and a spike in the cost of items and living.

WW2: Increase in urbanization and industrialization. Also increased interconnected trade with the states.

40
Q

Conscription

A

(WW1)
State mandated enrollment in military services. People opposed conscription and was known as conscription crisis
(WW2)
so the mandatory enrollment changed so conscription couldn’t be overseas

41
Q

Why was the vimy ridge battle important

A

The battle was the first time that all four divisions fought together.

Social 20 (2 decks)

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