Unit 2- Systematic Carbon Chemistry

Question 1

What does the term saturated compounds mean?

Answer 1

Saturated compounds only contain C-C single bonds.

Question 2

What does the term unsaturated compounds mean?

Answer 2

Unsaturated compounds contain at least one C=C double bond.

Question 3

Describe an addition reaction

Answer 3

Hydrogenation - reaction between an alkene and H2 formingan alkane.

Hydration - reaction between an alkene and water forming an alcohol.

Alkenes reacting with halogens forming dihaloalkanes.

Question 4

How do you distinguish between saturated ad unsaturated compounds

Answer 4

If a compound is unsaturated it will decolourise bromine water

Question 5

what are the definitions of a full and shortened structure

Answer 5

A full structural formula shows all the bonds in a compound.

The shortened structural formula shows the order of the atoms but omits the carbon to hydrogen bonds.

Question 6

What are isomers?

Answer 6

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Question 7

How do you identify isomers?

Answer 7

When drawing/identifying isomers, make sure you double check they have the same general formula and different structure. Biggest mistake is drawing/identifying the same molecule rather than an isomer.

Question 8

How do you predict the solubility, boiling point and volatility of a compound?

Answer 8

The bigger the compound, the less soluble they are, the higher the boiling point and the volatility decreases.

Boiling point increases as the compounds increase in size due to stronger LDFs (and even higher when Hydrogen bonding or Pd-Pd interactions are present).

Polar and ionic compounds tend to be soluble in polar solvents.

Volatility (measure of the ease of evaporation) is affected by intermolecular forces present.