Unit 2 Study Guide Flashcards
Define Pronatalist
Relating to the policy or practice of encouraging people to have children
Define Malthusian Theory
Resources don’t grow with population, leading to lack of food in rapid population growths.
Define Remittance
Money immigrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash
Define Demographics
Data about the structures and characteristics of human populations
Explain Brain Drain
the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of of work in another often richer country
Explain Brain Gain
an increase in the number of highly trained, foreign-born professionals entering a country to live and work where greater opportunities are offered
Explain Refugee
a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death
What is the difference between population density and population distribution?
Population distribution refers to the spatial pattern of population in an area.
Population density refers to the ratio of the population and the size of the area they live in.
Where do people tend to be clustered? Where do they live and why?
Physical factors like altitude, people tend to live in places with a lower altitude due to lack of oxygen. Landforms, places with flatter land that is less rugged, river valleys, and climate(places that are not too cold or hot play a big part in farming).
Human factors like places with more economic opportunities, more jobs and money in general and places with more technology, political events that cause people to migrate, people tend to live in or near cities.
Describe some the of positive consequences of pronatalist policies
Some positive consequences might be increased birth rates and a larger labor force, which can stimulate economic growth.
Describe some the of negative consequences of pronatalist policies
Negative consequences can include overpopulation, which could lead to a strain on resources. An increase in cost of child care could also result. Job opportunities mostly for women could be affected due to traditional gender roles limiting career opportunities.
Describe some the of positive consequences of antinatalist policies
Antinatalist policies can have positive outcomes like less expenses to raise children, which can result in economic stability. Overconsumption caused by areas with a high population can be mitigated and have environmental benefits.
Describe some the of negative consequences of antinatalist policies
Negative consequences like labor shortages with young workers, demographic changes with an aging population can happen. Gender imbalances where one gender is favored can lead to signifigant differences in male and female population which are all consequences of antinatalism.
How can women affect demographic changes?
Depends on of they play a egalitarian role or a traditional role. Higher fertility rates with more traditional gender roles. >status when access to education. Less children with family planning( contraceptives) >focus on careers means less infant death and maternal fatality. Women are less likely to babies when stays is elevated.
What are pull factors?
Pull factors attract migrants somewhere causing immigration examples are job opportunities, more equality, access to education, and a desirable climate.
What are push factors?
Push factors are reasons someone might emigrate out of a place or country examples are poverty, war and over population, natural disasters, and lack of resources.
What are the birth and death rates for each stage of the DTM (demographic transition model)
Stage 1- Birth rate and Death rate are very high but balanced
Stage 2- High Birth Rate and the Death rate falls rapidly
Stage 3- Birth rate starts to fall and death rate evens out.
Stage 4- Death and Birth rate balance out
Stage 5- Death Rate grows and Birth rate falls.
What are the economic effects of an aging population?
An aging population can affect economic growth, patterns of work and retirement, the way that families function, the ability of governments and communities to provide adequate resources for older adults, and the prevalence of chronic disease and disability. Many industrialized nations are realizing the effects of an aging population, such as a decline in the working-age population and a surge in health care costs and retirement homes.
What are the social effects of an aging population?
The decline in the working-age population results in a supply shortage of qualified workers. Nations with larger older populations depend on a smaller group of people to pay for higher health costs, pension benefits, and other publicly funded programs.
