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Journey Biology > Unit 2 Study > Flashcards

Unit 2 Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the flowering seeds of a plant that produce seeds in fruit?

A

angiosperms

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2
Q

True or False: producers are autotrophs meaning they make their own food.

A

True

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3
Q

What are consumers?

A

heterotrophs that consume their food off of organic sources

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4
Q

Is cross-fertilization fertilization of one or two plants by pollen from a different plant?

A

one

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5
Q

What is the outside, protective covering of the plant that also allows for gas exchange and the absorption of minerals?

A

Dermal Tissue

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6
Q

True or False: a prokaryote is an organism whose cell contain a nucleus.

A

False, it’s a eukaryote

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7
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fertilization is the process in which female and male cells join to form new cells

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8
Q

Is the food chain a simple or complex linear sequence that shows how energy moves through an ecosystem?

A

simple

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9
Q

What is the sprouting of a seed?

A

germination

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10
Q

True or false: Ground tissue provides storage for water, sugar, and glucose, and includes non-woody stems and roots.

A

False, it stores water, sugar, and starch

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11
Q

Is a gymnosperm a seed plant that bears its seeds directly on or under the surface of cones?

A

on

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12
Q

Is a heterotroph a consumer or decomposer in which they depend on other organisms for their food?

A

consumer

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13
Q

What is made up of cells that are capable of continuing mitosis, and responsible for ongoing growth and repair?

A

Meristem tissue

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14
Q

True or false: vascular is the plant that lacks vascular tissue and is therefore often much smaller and has a simpler cell structure

A

False: non-vascular

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15
Q

What is phloem?

A

Phloem carries dissolved sugar and organic substances throughout the plant

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16
Q

Does pollination transfer pollen or retrieve pollen from the anther to the stigma?

A

transfer

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17
Q

What make their own food?

A

Producers

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18
Q

True or false: Eukaryotic are unicellular organisms that lacks a nucleus?

A

False: prokaryotic

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19
Q

What is a rhizome?

A

A rhizome produce hair-like structures that anchor the plant and absorb nutrients and water

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20
Q

Is a root system typically found underground or above ground and absorbs nutrients and water, store food, and anchors the plant?

A

underground

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21
Q

What consume dead and decaying matter and break it into simple molecules that other organisms depend on for survival

A

Saporphyte

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22
Q

True or false: a seed is an embryo of a plant with a diploid cell that surround a food source with a protective covering?

A

true

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23
Q

What is self-fertilization?

A

self-fertilization happens when the egg and pollen come from the same plant

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24
Q

Is a shoot system above or below ground and includes leaves, buds, stems, flower fruit, and seeds and functionss to make food for the plant and reproduce?

A

above

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25
Q

What are clusters of sporangia?

A

Sori

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26
Q

True or false: Spores are a reproductive unit

A

True

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27
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

Vascular tissue has tissue that carry water and minerals throughout the plant

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28
Q

Does xylem carry water and minerals or light throughout the plant?

A

xylem carries water and minerals

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29
Q

What is the classification hierarchy and its order?

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

30
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

consists of two words for each organism: Kingdom and Species

31
Q

Who came up with binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Linneaus

32
Q

What are the unifying characteristics of the organisms in each of the six kingdoms?

A

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archaeobacteria
Eubacteria

33
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Binary fission

34
Q

How do the two different kingdoms of bacteria differ?

A

archaebacteria and eubacteria both differ genetically, in chemical structure, and archaebacteria can live in extreme environments whereas eubacteria cannot

35
Q

How do bacteria assist humans?

A

they can break down food and water to make nutrients, photo synthesizers contribute oxygen, they give food, and decompose

36
Q

What are viruses made of?

A

DNA and RNA and a hard, protective shell called a capsule

37
Q

What is the lysogenic cell?

A

in the lysogenic cell, cells remain inactive for a time, which is when viruses enters cells and integrates its genome into the hosts cell. The genome then replicates during cell division and is passed to the daughter cell

38
Q

What is the lytic cycle?

A

the lytic cycle happens when a virus needs to get in the organism, attaches to the cell, penetrates the cell and DNA enter endocytosis, capsid is left outside, DNA begins to steal energy from cell to replicate DNA, organelles and enzymes are used by the virus until cells die, the enzyme then cause the cell to burs open and it releases viruses in new cell

39
Q

How are fungi and plants the same?

A

fungi and plants are both eukaryotic, multicellular, and have similar growing structure

40
Q

How are plants and fungi different?

A

Plants produce while fungi decompose

41
Q

What are the four categories of plants?

A

Phylum Bryophyta (mosses), Phylum Pteridophyta (ferns), Phylum Coniferophyta (conifers), and Phylum Anthophyta (angiosperms)

42
Q

How does alternation of generations work in a plant?

A

The alternation of generations divide the plants into two phases: gametophyte and sporophyte

43
Q

What is the sporophyte stage?

A

the sporophyte stage is the stage in which the zygote matures, forming spores

44
Q

What is the gametophyte stage?

A

the gametophyte stage occurs when a haploid spore is produced by meiosis

45
Q

What is the function of a root?

A

The root functions to anchor the leaf and absorb water and nutrients, and store food

46
Q

What is the function of the stem?

A

The stem functions to manufacture and support the leaves, it is able to carry out photosynthesis and can be used for storage

47
Q

What is the function of the flower?

A

the function of the flower is to reproduce

48
Q

What are the different parts of the plant cells?

A

organelles, chloroplast, cell wall, and intracellular vacuoles

49
Q

What is the difference between monocots and dicots?

A

monocots: one cotyledon, parallel veins, fibrous roots, and multiples of three
dicot: two cotyledons, branching veins, taproot, and multiples of four or five

50
Q

What is the basic chemical reaction of photosynthesis?

A

photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water molecules to create glucose

51
Q

What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

A

light-dependent phase and the Calvin cycle

52
Q

What is chlorophyll and what role does it play in photosynthesis?

A

it
absorbs energy from the sun

53
Q

What is pollination?

A

Pollination transfers pollen from the anther to stigma

54
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fertilization happens where several male gametes within pollen grain work together to reproduce with the female gamete

55
Q

What is germination?

A

Germination is the sprouting of the seed

56
Q

What is an
angiosperm?

A

angiosperms are used for vegetative reproduction

57
Q

What are plant hormones?

A

plant hormones influence the growth, development and response of a plant

58
Q

What are the different categories of these hormones?

A

auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, abscisic acids, and ethylines

59
Q

What is auxin?

A

promote stem elongation and repress lateral bud growth

60
Q

What are giberellins?

A

regulate normal plant growth

61
Q

What are cytokinins?

A

promote lateral bud growth

62
Q

What is abscisic acid?

A

promotes seed dormacy and causes growth

63
Q

What is ethylene?

A

stimulates fruit ripening

64
Q

What is a tropism?

A

occurs when the plant responds to their environment

65
Q

What is phototropism?

A

a plants response to light

66
Q

What is geotropism?

A

a plants response to gravity

67
Q

What is chemotropism?

A

a plants response to chemicals

68
Q

What is thigmotropism?

A

a plants response to touch

69
Q

What is photoperiodism?

A

A plants response to the length of darkness.

70
Q

How does photoperiodism impact the plant?

A

it enables the plant to adapt to a seasonal change

71
Q

What role do minerals play in plant growth?

A

it supports the plant to complete their life cycle and produce seeds

Journey Biology (2 decks)

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