Unit 2 Study Flashcards
What are the flowering seeds of a plant that produce seeds in fruit?
angiosperms
True or False: producers are autotrophs meaning they make their own food.
True
What are consumers?
heterotrophs that consume their food off of organic sources
Is cross-fertilization fertilization of one or two plants by pollen from a different plant?
one
What is the outside, protective covering of the plant that also allows for gas exchange and the absorption of minerals?
Dermal Tissue
True or False: a prokaryote is an organism whose cell contain a nucleus.
False, it’s a eukaryote
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the process in which female and male cells join to form new cells
Is the food chain a simple or complex linear sequence that shows how energy moves through an ecosystem?
simple
What is the sprouting of a seed?
germination
True or false: Ground tissue provides storage for water, sugar, and glucose, and includes non-woody stems and roots.
False, it stores water, sugar, and starch
Is a gymnosperm a seed plant that bears its seeds directly on or under the surface of cones?
on
Is a heterotroph a consumer or decomposer in which they depend on other organisms for their food?
consumer
What is made up of cells that are capable of continuing mitosis, and responsible for ongoing growth and repair?
Meristem tissue
True or false: vascular is the plant that lacks vascular tissue and is therefore often much smaller and has a simpler cell structure
False: non-vascular
What is phloem?
Phloem carries dissolved sugar and organic substances throughout the plant
Does pollination transfer pollen or retrieve pollen from the anther to the stigma?
transfer
What make their own food?
Producers
True or false: Eukaryotic are unicellular organisms that lacks a nucleus?
False: prokaryotic
What is a rhizome?
A rhizome produce hair-like structures that anchor the plant and absorb nutrients and water
Is a root system typically found underground or above ground and absorbs nutrients and water, store food, and anchors the plant?
underground
What consume dead and decaying matter and break it into simple molecules that other organisms depend on for survival
Saporphyte
True or false: a seed is an embryo of a plant with a diploid cell that surround a food source with a protective covering?
true
What is self-fertilization?
self-fertilization happens when the egg and pollen come from the same plant
Is a shoot system above or below ground and includes leaves, buds, stems, flower fruit, and seeds and functionss to make food for the plant and reproduce?
above
What are clusters of sporangia?
Sori
True or false: Spores are a reproductive unit
True
What is vascular tissue?
Vascular tissue has tissue that carry water and minerals throughout the plant
Does xylem carry water and minerals or light throughout the plant?
xylem carries water and minerals
What is the classification hierarchy and its order?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is binomial nomenclature?
consists of two words for each organism: Kingdom and Species
Who came up with binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linneaus
What are the unifying characteristics of the organisms in each of the six kingdoms?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archaeobacteria
Eubacteria
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
How do the two different kingdoms of bacteria differ?
archaebacteria and eubacteria both differ genetically, in chemical structure, and archaebacteria can live in extreme environments whereas eubacteria cannot
How do bacteria assist humans?
they can break down food and water to make nutrients, photo synthesizers contribute oxygen, they give food, and decompose
What are viruses made of?
DNA and RNA and a hard, protective shell called a capsule
What is the lysogenic cell?
in the lysogenic cell, cells remain inactive for a time, which is when viruses enters cells and integrates its genome into the hosts cell. The genome then replicates during cell division and is passed to the daughter cell
What is the lytic cycle?
the lytic cycle happens when a virus needs to get in the organism, attaches to the cell, penetrates the cell and DNA enter endocytosis, capsid is left outside, DNA begins to steal energy from cell to replicate DNA, organelles and enzymes are used by the virus until cells die, the enzyme then cause the cell to burs open and it releases viruses in new cell
How are fungi and plants the same?
fungi and plants are both eukaryotic, multicellular, and have similar growing structure
How are plants and fungi different?
Plants produce while fungi decompose
What are the four categories of plants?
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses), Phylum Pteridophyta (ferns), Phylum Coniferophyta (conifers), and Phylum Anthophyta (angiosperms)
How does alternation of generations work in a plant?
The alternation of generations divide the plants into two phases: gametophyte and sporophyte
What is the sporophyte stage?
the sporophyte stage is the stage in which the zygote matures, forming spores
What is the gametophyte stage?
the gametophyte stage occurs when a haploid spore is produced by meiosis
What is the function of a root?
The root functions to anchor the leaf and absorb water and nutrients, and store food
What is the function of the stem?
The stem functions to manufacture and support the leaves, it is able to carry out photosynthesis and can be used for storage
What is the function of the flower?
the function of the flower is to reproduce
What are the different parts of the plant cells?
organelles, chloroplast, cell wall, and intracellular vacuoles
What is the difference between monocots and dicots?
monocots: one cotyledon, parallel veins, fibrous roots, and multiples of three
dicot: two cotyledons, branching veins, taproot, and multiples of four or five
What is the basic chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water molecules to create glucose
What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
light-dependent phase and the Calvin cycle
What is chlorophyll and what role does it play in photosynthesis?
it
absorbs energy from the sun
What is pollination?
Pollination transfers pollen from the anther to stigma
What is fertilization?
Fertilization happens where several male gametes within pollen grain work together to reproduce with the female gamete
What is germination?
Germination is the sprouting of the seed
What is an
angiosperm?
angiosperms are used for vegetative reproduction
What are plant hormones?
plant hormones influence the growth, development and response of a plant
What are the different categories of these hormones?
auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, abscisic acids, and ethylines
What is auxin?
promote stem elongation and repress lateral bud growth
What are giberellins?
regulate normal plant growth
What are cytokinins?
promote lateral bud growth
What is abscisic acid?
promotes seed dormacy and causes growth
What is ethylene?
stimulates fruit ripening
What is a tropism?
occurs when the plant responds to their environment
What is phototropism?
a plants response to light
What is geotropism?
a plants response to gravity
What is chemotropism?
a plants response to chemicals
What is thigmotropism?
a plants response to touch
What is photoperiodism?
A plants response to the length of darkness.
How does photoperiodism impact the plant?
it enables the plant to adapt to a seasonal change
What role do minerals play in plant growth?
it supports the plant to complete their life cycle and produce seeds
