Unit 2 Study

Question 1

total fertility rate

Answer 1

total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years

Question 2

population pyramids

Answer 2

a graph that shows the distribution of ages across a population divided down the center between male and female members of the population

Question 3

dependency ratio

Answer 3

percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population

Question 4

world’s most populated region

Answer 4

Asia

Question 5

1st most populated country

Answer 5

India (1,428,627,663)

Question 6

2nd most populated country

Answer 6

China (1,425,671,352)

Question 7

3rd most populated country

Answer 7

United States (339,996,563)

Question 8

4th most populated country

Answer 8

Indonesia (277,534,122)

Question 9

5th most populated country

Answer 9

Pakistan (240,485,658)

Question 10

6th most populated country

Answer 10

Nigeria (223,804,632)

Question 11

7th most populated country

Answer 11

Brazil (216,422,446)

Question 12

8th most populated country

Answer 12

Bangladesh (172,954,319)

Question 13

9th most populated country

Answer 13

Russia (144,444,359)

Question 14

10th most populated country

Answer 14

Mexico (128,455,567)

Question 15

demographic transition

Answer 15

a generalised description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic system to another

Question 16

Demographic Transition: Stage 1

Answer 16

high birth rate and a high death rate - no natural increase

Question 17

Demographic Transition: Stage 2

Answer 17

rapid decrease in a country’s death rate while the birth rate remains high - very high natural increase

Question 18

Demographic Transition: Stage 3

Answer 18

death rates are low and birth rates decrease - natural increase is low

Question 19

Demographic Transition: Stage 4

Answer 19

mortality and birth rates are low - no natural increase

Question 20

push factors

Answer 20

factors that encourage an individual to migrate away from a certain place

Question 21

pull factor

Answer 21

positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas

Question 22

EG Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Answer 22

1) Most Migrants Go Only Short Distances
2) Migration Goes by Steps (Step-by-Step)
3) Long-Distance Migrants Prefer to Go to Big Cities
4) Migration Flows Produce Counter-Flows
5) People from Urban Areas Migrate Less than Rural People

Question 23

internal migration pattern in the US

Answer 23

the population has moved westward and from rural to urban areas as places become increasingly industrialized

Question 24

net out-migration

Answer 24

the number of emigrants exceeds the immigrants

Question 25

mobility

Answer 25

the ability to move from one location to another

Question 26

intervening obstacles

Answer 26

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

Question 27

forced migration

Answer 27

permanent movement compelled usually by political factors (refugees)

Question 28

brain drain

Answer 28

large-scale emigration of talented people

Question 29

Main factor causing migrants to move

Answer 29

economic

Question 30

Zero population growth and total fertility rate

Answer 30

the total fertility rate is at replacement level and birth and death rates are stable

Question 31

Malthus Core Principals

Answer 31

• Food is essential for life
• Population increases faster than the food supply
• Malthus predicted that the population would grow until it reached the limit of food supply, and then there would be widespread poverty and famine

Question 32

the impact of the Industrial Revolution on demographic transition

Answer 32

increased the relative wages of women and triggered the start of the demographic transition (from high birth and mortality rates to low birth and mortality rates)

Question 33

the obstacles preventing Eastern Europeans from leaving their homes between World War II and the 1990s

Answer 33

communist control over the region

Question 34

the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act

Answer 34

issued hundreds of thousands of visas to undocumented immigrants, making them legal migrants as well as required employers to attest to their employees’ immigration status and made it illegal to hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants knowingly

Question 35

clearly identify the main source areas and explain two key push factors associated with the early twentieth-century peaks in immigration to the United States

Answer 35

The main source areas were Southern and Eastern Europe. One of the key push factors is World War 1 which mainly took place in Europe so may refugees entered the U.S. Another key factor were the economic conditions because due to the war job opportunities went down.

Question 36

Clearly explain how change in the economic structure of the United States promoted immigration in the early twentieth century

Answer 36

There were many job opportunities which helped emigrants when they went into the United States. World War 1 boasted the American industry in manufacturing. There was a demand for wartime product and America was one of the greatest suppliers of food to Britain which gave a wide variety of jobs for the immigrants.

Question 37

clearly identify the main source areas and explain two key push factors associated with the late twentieth-century peak in immigration to the United States

Answer 37

The main source areas of late twentieth-century immigrants are Asia and Latin America. Two key push factors are little economic gain and corrupt governments. Latin Americans had a desire for better freedoms and countries like China wanted to escape the communist government.

Question 38

clearly discuss how change in the economic structure of the United States promoted immigration in the late twentieth century.

Answer 38

There was change in the economic structure of the United States due to America becoming more a technology powered country. This caused may smart individuals to immigrate in such of a more successful and wealthy life.

Question 39

processes that contribute to the general patterns of migration within the United States in terms of each of economic structure, Friction of distance, and age structure of the population

Answer 39

economic structure:
Loss of secondary-sector jobs leads to out-migration from these areas
friction of distance:
People are willing to commute or move greater distances because of improved transportation and/or communication (friction of distance is less important than it was previously)
age structure of the population:
Retirees move to retirement areas such as the Sun Belt or Florida to take advantage of weather, amenities, etc., while young people move to areas for more employment choices