Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNS > Unit 2 (Smell, vision, eye movement) > Flashcards

Unit 2 (Smell, vision, eye movement) Flashcards

1
Q

What class of neurons are primary olfactory neurons

A

Bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the primary olfactory neurons located

A

Olfactory epithelium in the superior nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the cells the surround olfactory neurons

A

Supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the primary olfactory neuron that functions as a receptor

A

Olfactory hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What olfactory neurons myelinated? if not what covers them

A

No, Schwann cells cover them because they are part of the PNS not CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do primary olfactory neurons synapse

A

on dendrite of mitral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is formed at the synapse site of primary olfactory neurons and mitral cells

A

Synaptic glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are Mitral cells located

A

In the olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the secondary olfactory neurons

A

Mitral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do mitral cells relay information to

A

Medial stria –> opposite olfactory bulb

Lateral stria –> Primary olfactory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the primary olfactory cotex

A

The uncus (brodman area 34)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the uncus (brodman area 34)

A

Medial temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the secondary olfactory cortex

A

Perihippocampal gyrus (brodman area 28)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is there a synapse in the thalamus during the olfactory pathway

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many neurons are needed to complete the olfactory pathway

A

2 (direct)

3 (if taking medial stria first)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 other olfactory pathways that use other nervers

A

Terminal Nerve

Vomernasal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the terminal nerve, what type of pathway

A

Located: Nasal septum
Pathway: Autonomic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What/ Who is the vomernasal nerve developed in

A

Animals that track prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Anosmia

A

Total loss of smell, people are often born with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the outermost FIBROUS layer of the eye consist of

A

Sclera (white)

Cornea (Clear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the middle VASCULAR layer of the eye consist of

A

Cilliary body
Iris
Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many layers does the retina have

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the main layers (tunics) of the eye

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What layer of the retina is adjacent of the choroid

A

Pigmented layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What layer of the retina contains rods and cones

A

Photosensitive outer segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What layer of the retina contains the cell bodies of the rod and cone cells

A

Outer nuclear layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What separates the photosensitive outer segment and the outer nuclear layer

A

External limiting membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In what layer of the retina do rod and cone cells synapse with bipolar cells

A

Outer plexiform layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What layer of the retina contains bipolar cell bodies

A

Inner nuclear layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In what layer of the retina do bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells

A

Inner plexiform layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What layer of the retina contains ganglion cell bodies

A

Ganglion cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What layer of the retina contain ganglion cell axons

A

Nerve fiber layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What layer of the retina separates the glial layer from the vitreous body

A

Internal limiting membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is unique about the ganglion cell axons

A

They are not myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the three colours of cones that we have

A

Red
Blue
Green

36
Q

Where are cones more concentrated

A

Near the Fovea

37
Q

What photoreceptor requires light

A

Cones

38
Q

What photoreceptor only see light vs dark

A

Rods

39
Q

What type of photoreceptor is mainly in the periphery

A

Rods

40
Q

What cells form myelin in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

41
Q

Are optic nerve axons myelinated

A

Yes

42
Q

Are the optic disk nerves myelinated

A

no

43
Q

Where do fibers from the optic tract synapse

A

Lateral geniculate body —> occipital lobe
Superior colliculus —> Tectospinal tract
Pretectal nucleus (light reflexes)

44
Q

How many neurons are needed to get to the visual cortex (not cerebral cortex)

A

4

45
Q

How many neurons do we need to see (in the cerebral cortex)

A

5

46
Q

What would someone experience if they had a lesion of the optic nerve

A

Loss of depth perception

47
Q

What would someone experience if they had a lesions of the optic chiasma

A

Loss of peripheral vision

48
Q

Other than a lesion of the optic chiasma what else can cause loss of peripheral vision

A

Lesion of the pituitary gland

49
Q

What would someone experience if they had a lesion of the optic tract

A

Loss of 1/2 the visual feild

50
Q

Describe direct and consensual light reflexes

A

Direct: shine light, pupil constricts
Indirect: Shine light in other eye, constrict slightly

51
Q

What is the accommodation reflex

A

Change shape of lens to focus near and far

52
Q

What is the corneal reflex

A

Touch eye, they will blink + contract cornea

53
Q

What is convergence visual reflex

A

Move pen close to nose, eyes converge

54
Q

Where is the nuclei of origin of Cranial nerve III

A

Periaqueductal grey matter

55
Q

What part of the cerebral cortex sends axons to the oculomotor nuclei

A

Superior colliculi
Broadman area 8
Medial longitudinal fasciculis

56
Q

When CN III exits the CNS what is it covered by

A

Epineurium

57
Q

Where does the oculomotor nuclei exit the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

58
Q

What muscles does the superior ramus of the oculomotor nerve supply

A

Levator palpebra superiorus

Superior rectus

59
Q

What muscles are supplied by the inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve

A

Medial: Medial rectus
Central: Inferior rectus
Lateral: Inferior oblique

60
Q

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the Oculomotor nerve synapse

A

Ciliary gangloin

61
Q

What muscles to the preganglionc sympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve supply

A 
Pupillary constrictor (sphincter pipillae)
Ciliaris
62
Q

What muscle does the Trochlear nerve CN IV supply

A

Superior oblique

63
Q

Where is the trochlear nucleus located

A

Periaquductal grey

64
Q

What parts of the cerebral cortex send axons to the trochlear nucleir

A

Broadman area 8
Superior coliculus
Longitudinal fasciculus

65
Q

What is the movement of the superior oblique

A

Down and out

Action: depression

66
Q

Where do the post ganglionic sympathetic fibers of the trochlear nerve communicate with

A

Cavernous plexus

67
Q

What muscle does the abducens nerve (CN VI) supply

A

Lateral rectus

68
Q

Where is the abducens nuclei

A

Caudal part of the pons

69
Q

What parts of the cortex synapse in the abducens nuclei

A

Broadman area 8
SUperior coliculus
Medial longitudinal fasciulus

70
Q

Where does the abducens nerve exit the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

71
Q

What is an internal strabismus

A

Eyes converge/cross

72
Q

What is and external strabismus

A

Eyes are directed away from each other (diverge)

73
Q

An external strabismus involves the activation of what cranial nerve

A

CN VI (Abducens)

74
Q

What is diplopia

A

Double vision

75
Q

What is ptosis

A

Eyelid droops due to a weak levator palpebrae superioris

76
Q

What can oculomotor paralysis cause

A

External opthalmoplegia

Interal opthalmoplegia

77
Q

What is associated with external opthalmoplegia

A

External strabismus (eye = down+out)
Diplopia
Ptosis

78
Q

What is associated with internal opthalmoplegia

A

Inability to constrict pupil

Loss of light accommodation reflex

79
Q

What can cause oculomotor paralysis

A

Uncal herniation
PCA aneurysms
Diabetes

80
Q

What type of ocular paralysis is the most rare

A

Trochlear paralysis

81
Q

What can happen with a trochlear paralysis

A

Internal strabismus: inability to look down when descending stairs

82
Q

What type of ocular paralysis is the most common

A

Abducens paralysis

83
Q

What can happen with an abducens paralysis

A

Internal strabismus

84
Q

What type of ocular dysfunction is associated with damage to MLF

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

85
Q

What is a common symptom of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Abducting nystagmus

PNS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions