Unit 2: Skin Cancer, Layer of skin, Skin Disorders etc. Flashcards
Integumentary System
Largest organ of the body, serves to protect the viscera(internal organs) as well as regulate temperature.
Stratum Corneum
Hard, the outermost layer of the skin. Produces keratin, a protein that makes skin waterproof.
Stratum Lucidum
Layer found only in thicker skin such as the palmer or the plantar. Protects the body’s most at-risk parts. Thin, clear layer.
Stratum Granulosum
Flat, living cells that carry keratin.
Stratum Spinosum
“Spiny Layer” Several layers thick; pre keratin fibers give the cells their ‘spiny’ look.
Stratum Basale
Constantly in mitosis, pushes skin cells upward. Responsible for the production of all skin cells within the epidermis. Connects the epidermis to the dermis.
Melanocytes
Spider shaped cells that produce melanin. (pigment that absorbs UV radiation)
Epidermis
Outermost layer of the skin. Has 5 layers CLGSB.
Dermis
Thick layer of connective tissue containing: Dermal Papillae(ridges that cause fingerprints and provide a gripping surface), Blood vessels, sensory nerves, Sebaceous Glands, hair follicles.
Dermal Papillae
Ridges in the dermis that cause fingerprints and provide a gripping surface.
Blood Vessel
a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.
Sebaceous Gland
The gland located in the dermis produces sebum(oil), which lubricates the skin to protect against friction. Amount of Sebum produced is genetic.
Hypodermis
(Subcutaneous layer). Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose(fat). Helps to store energy, insulate body, and provides protective padding.
Five Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protection(disease, dirt, and UV radiation)
- Regulates water loss
- Produces Vitamin D
- Gathers sensory information
- REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE
Hypothermia
Lower body temperature than normal interferes with the body’s normal function and eventually ends in death.
Hyperthermia
Higher body temperature than normal results in dehydration(from excess sweating) and heat stroke.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common form of skin cancer occurs in sun-exposed areas. Appearance is a waxy bump or scar-like lesion. Cryosurgery is need to remove. Stays within Basal cell(95% of patients treated, with risk of it coming back.)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Can Metastasize. Occurs in sun-exposed areas, firm red nodules, or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. Treatment=cryosurgery. More dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body.
Melanoma
Most dangerous because it can metastasize and lead to death. Occurs anywhere on the body’s skin. Appearance-large brownish sport. ABCD requirements
Treatment=Surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy.
Chronic Skin Disorders
Skin disorder persisting for a prolonged period of time/returning.
Uriticaria
Hives; red, raised, itchy bumps on the surface of the skin. Caused by an allergic reaction, or stress, extreme temperatures, or illness.
Eczema
A chronic skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. Dry, flaky, blistering skin that appears red and inflammed. Intense itching and burning sensations.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Dandruff is caused by yeast. White, flaky, inflammatory skin condition, often found on the scalp. Lack of sebum from the sebaceous gland underproducing can be a factor to dandruff as well.
Psoriasis
Flaky, white-silver patches called scales. Redness and irritation, are genetic. Skin cell mitosis is every week, while normal skin cell mitosis turn around is about 30 days.
Albimism
A genetic disorder in which the body cannot produce melanin. Absence of color in hair, skin, or iris; light sensitivity; prone to sunburn and skin cancer.
Infectious Skin Disorders
Skin disorders are caused by either bacterial or fungal infections.
Impetigo
Bacterial Infection, is highly contagious. Causes blisters and sores on the face and hands. Highly common among kids.
Acne
Caused by an overpopulation of sebum and oil, leading to clogging of the pores. Inflammation and swelling form red bumps. Causes include; genetics, hormonal changes, greasy or dry hair products, sweat, and diets high refined with sugar.
Athlete’s Foot
Fungus is very common on the pedal or other ends of the body. Can cause burning or stinging, itchiness, and inflamed skin that can appear red, or purple. Can be treated anti-fungal cream.
Ringworm
Fungus, not a worm, is caused by fungus. Occurs in warm, moist areas with frequent wetness. Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
A very rare bacterial Infection. “flesh-eating disease.’ Necrosis(death) of the subcutaneous layer of the skin.
MRSA( Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
Bacterial Infection. Lices in the skin with no problems, however, MRSA is a strain that is resistant to Antibiotics, and therefore VERY dangerous and deadly. People in hospitals are more likely to get MRSA. Has to enter your body through an open wound.
Skin Burns
Tissue damage in which destroys cell proteins and causes cell death.
Causes: Heat, radiation, chemical, electricity.
1st-degree burn
Burns only the epidermis (sunburn), redness and pain, no blistering.
2nd-degree burn
Burns occurred in both the epidermis and the dermis. Redness, pain, blistering.
3rd-degree burn
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed. Black or charred, damage to nerve endings, etc. (Exposire to direct fire.)
Metastasize
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.
