Unit 2: Skeletal system

Question 1

what are 5 functions of bone

Answer 1

1. support
2. storage of minerals
3. create blood cells
4. protection
5. leverage

Question 2

what are the 6 bone shapes

Answer 2

1. long bones (arm & leg bones)
2. short bones ( cuneiform bones in foot)
3. flat bones (cranium )
4. irregular bones (vertebrae, carpals and tarsal)
5. sesamoid bones ( patella ‘knee cap’)
6. sutural bones (found between flat bones of skull)

Question 3

2 forms of bone tissue?

Answer 3

1. Compact bone (or dense bone)
2. Spongy bone ( or cancellous bone)

Question 4

what 3 components is a typical long bone made up of?

Answer 4

1. Diaphysis (shaft)
2. Epiphysis (end)
3. Metaphysis (interconnection zone)

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

innermost part of long bone surrounded by compact bone

Question 6

The epiphysis of long bones which form a joint, is coated with a hyaline cartilage called?

Answer 6

articular cartilage

Question 7

4 characteristics of bone

Answer 7

1. Bone matrix is dense and contains calcium salts
2. Osteocytes (bone cells) are contained in the lacunae of the bone matrix
3. Canaliculi form branching networks through the bone matrix, connecting lacunae to nearby blood vessels
4. the outer surface of bone, except at joints, are covered by periosteum

Question 8

the skull contains 22 bones; How many form the cranium and facial bones

Answer 8

8 form the cranium and 14 form the facial bones

Question 9

6 cranium bones:

Answer 9

Occipital bone (1)
Parietal bones (2)
Frontal bone (1)
Temporal bones (2)
Sphenoid bone (1)
Ethmoid bone (1)

Question 10

9 Facial bones (know what their purpose):

Answer 10

Maxillary bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Inferior nasal Conchae (2)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
Lacrimal Bones (2)
Mandible (1)
Hyoid Bone (1)
Vomer (1)

Question 11

Vertebral column (spine) is formed from 26 bones: 24 vertebrae divided into different components:

Answer 11

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (1, 5 fused together)
coccyx (1)

Question 12

There are 4 spinal curves:

Answer 12

1. Cervical Curve
2. Thoracic Curve
3. Lumbar curve
4. Sacral Curve

Question 14

3 pathological disorders of the spine:

Answer 14

1. Lordosis: excessive lumbar curvature
2. Kyphosis: excessive thoracic curvature
3. Scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature

Question 14

Functions of the Thoracic Cage

Answer 14

1. protection
2. attachment point for the muscles involved in respiration

Question 14

Ribs:

Answer 14

comprised of 12 pairs of ribs
Can be broken into 3 types:
1. true rubes
2. False ribs
3. Floating ribs

Question 14

Components of the ribs

Answer 14

-head
-neck
-tubercle
-costal groove

Question 14

3 components of the sternum

Answer 14

1. manubrium: the widest and superior portion
2. body: the mid-piece
3. xipoid process: the smallest and inferior portion

Question 17

Carpal bones from latera-tomedial order: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle

Answer 17

Proximal row: scapoid, lunate, triquetrum and pistiform
Distal: trapezium(thumb), trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

Question 18

Components of the Pelvic Girdle

Answer 18

Paired hip bones form the pelvic girdle.
Hip bone is formed by:
an illium,
an ischium,
and a pubis.

The pelvis is consists of two hipbones, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 19

7 Components of lower limb

Answer 19

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (seven tarsal bones)
Metatarsals
Phalanges (14 phalange bones)

Question 20

what are the 7 tarsal bones

Answer 20

1. Talus ( ankle articulation)
2. Calcaneus (heel bone)
3. Cubiod
4. Navicular
5. Three Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral)

Question 21

Longitudinal arch and transverse arch

Answer 21

the two types of arches along the foot

Question 22

Arches return about __% energy from the previous step?

Answer 22

17

Question 23

Spring ligament: formed by calcaneonavicular ligament and tibialis posterior tendon. When this arch is lost it results in what?

Answer 23

The condition known as flat foot or fallen arch