Unit 2, Section C- Energy management

Question 1

Define energy demand

Answer 1

the amount of energy that a country requires to meet its need

Question 2

Define energy mix

Answer 2

the range of sources that a country uses to generate energy

Question 3

Define energy exploitation

Answer 3

the action of extracting an energy resource and using it to produce energy

Question 4

Define energy security

Answer 4

uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price

Question 5

Define energy surplus

Answer 5

when a supply exceed the demand

Question 6

Define energy deficit

Answer 6

when the demand exceeds the production

Question 7

Name two regions that have an energy surplus?

Answer 7

North America and parts of the Middle East

Question 8

Name two regions that have an energy deficit? (insecurity)

Answer 8

Africa and parts of South East Asia

Question 9

What is energy insecurity?

Answer 9

where countries have an interrupted supply of energy or cannot afford to provide energy

Question 10

Name two countries that very high energy consumption?

Answer 10

Russia and the US

Question 11

Name two countries that very low energy consumption?

Answer 11

Kenya and Ethiopia

Question 12

Name two countries that have high levels of energy supply/production?

Answer 12

North America- large coal reserves

Russia- large reserves of natural gas and oil

Question 13

Why is energy consumption rising dramatically in some LIC’s and all NEE’s?

Answer 13

As countries develop economically, their demand for energy supply rises (bc use of more tech & open more factories =increased energy)

Question 14

How does technology, climate and political factors affect the energy supply? (Give example or statistic)

Answer 14

Technology- tech make energy source in difficult env exploitable
(i.e in Iceland & Pacific Rim)

Climate- amount of sun & wind influence availability of solar & wind energy
(i.e HEP needs a suitable dam site in mountain areas with high rainfall)

Political factors- political instability in the Middle East = countries seek alternative energy sources.
(i.e UK gov have cut subsidies for renewable energy)

Question 15

Why is the Artic now being explored & exploited?

Answer 15

• Huge reserves of oil & gas
• Gas= 1/3 of all global resources
• Oil= 1/8 of global resources

Question 16

What are some risks involved in working in the Artic?

Answer 16

• Harms wildlife
• Releases CO2 into the atmosphere
• Leaked gases cause public health problems & contribute to GHG emissions

Question 17

What are the potential economic impacts of working in areas like the Artic?

Answer 17

• Exploitation is difficult & expensive
• Ppl demand higher wages to work their
• Long distance & limited transportation increase transport costs

Question 18

What are the potential environmental impacts of working in areas like the Artic?

Answer 18

• Oil spills would be catastrophic for the fragile Artic env
• Strict env controls are needed
• Drilling equipment may sink during the summer thaw

Question 19

How are biofuels affecting food production?

Answer 19

• Have led to increased food prices

- Often grown on land previously used for growing crops (reduce potential food supplies)

Question 20

Why is food production affected by energy insecurity?

Answer 20

• Used for producing farms machinery
• Stores farms produce & manufactorers fertilisers/chemicals
• Agriculture= energy generator

(30% global energy, food production uses)

Question 21

What impact does energy insecurity have on industry?

Answer 21

-Countries suffer from shortfall in electricity production
-Oil: used in manufacturing chemicals, plastics & pharmaceuticals
Pakistan=
-Closes more than 500 companies in city Faisalabad
-Suffer from power-cuts (can last 20h)

Question 22

What impact does energy insecurity have on conflict?

Answer 22

• Russia controls 25% of world natural gas supplies
• Middle East produces 40% of worlds gas & 56% of its oil
• Stop exports

Question 23

How does this energy source work (wind, hydro, solar)?

How can it increase energy supply in specific areas of the world?

Answer 23

Wind (electrical energy produced from the power of the wind, using windmills or turbines)
- unpopular with some but considerable potential

HEP (electricity generated by turbines that are driven by moving water)
- contributes 85% of global renewable electricity

Solar (suns energy exploited by solar panels to generate electricity)
- energy production is seasonal, great potential in LIC’s (have lottos sun)

Question 24

Why are fossil fuels still the most common form of energy production?

Answer 24

• Cheap

- Reliable

Question 25

How are fossil fuels formed?

Answer 25

-Formed from the remains of plants& animals

Question 26

What are the problems with nuclear power?

Answer 26

• Radioactive waste can remain dangerous for over 1000 years
• Expensive

Question 27

What is natural gas and how is it formed?

Answer 27

• Remains of tiny sea plants & animals buried on the ocean floor by sand & sediment
• Over millions years remains buried deeper. Pressure & heat convert organic material into hydrocarbons (oil & gas)
• Natural gas seeped through cracks in overlying rocks & collected in reservoirs. Natural gas is extracted from these reservoirs.

Question 28

Where is natural gas found?

Answer 28

• 60% NG reservoirs in Russia, Iran & Qatar (expected to last 54yrs)
• Technology allows shale gas (NG found trapped within shale formations rock) to be extracted by fracking

Question 29

Name three advantages of natural gas as an energy source

Answer 29

• Emits 45% fewer CO2 emissions than other FF
• Lower risk of env accidents from oil
• Transported easily via pipelines or by tankers

Question 30

Name three disadvantages of natural gas as an energy source

Answer 30

• Some gas reserves are in politically unstable countries
• Water-waste & chemically from fracking can contaminate groundwater
• Contributes to global warming by producing CO2 & methane emissions

Question 31

What is a sustainable energy supply?

Answer 31

It involves balancing supply & demand

Question 32

What is a carbon footprint?

Answer 32

Measurement of GHG’s individuals produce, through burning FF

Question 33

How can individuals reduce their energy use and carbon footprint?

Answer 33

• Make more energy
• Use less
• Import more

Question 34

How can houses reduce their energy use?

Answer 34

• Double glazing (i.e. windows)
• Use energy efficient appliances
• Cavity wall & loft insulation
• Hot water recirculation

Question 35

How can technology make the use of fossil more efficient?

Answer 35

Vehicle manufacturers are using tech to design more fuel efficient cars:

• Development of electric & hybrid cars, USA could reduce use of oil for transport by up to 95%
• Development of biofuel tech, Brazil - reduced petrol consumption by 40% since 1993

Question 36

What is biofuel?

Answer 36

Petrol or diesel created from specific crops

Question 37

Name three way that the city of Miami in Sweden is sustainable

Answer 37

• All 1000 buildings in the district use 100% renewable energy
• Solar tubes on the outside of buildings produce hot water which can be stored in aquifers
• Cyclists have priority at crossroads

Question 38

Where is Chambamontera?

Answer 38

Andes Mountains of Peru (north)

Question 39

What type of renewable energy does this community use? (Chambamontera)

Answer 39

Water

Question 40

Why is this area sustainable for renewable energy production?

Answer 40

Has:

High rainfall, steep slopes & is fast flowing (water) = suitable for exploiting water power

Question 41

Name three ways that the project benefits the local community

Answer 41

• Reduced rural-urban migration (pop growth)
• Improved skl facilities & possibility of doing schoolwork at home after dark
• Reliable electricity for refrigeration, light & other uses (computers)

Question 42

Are there any drawbacks to this scheme? (Chambamontera)

Answer 42

-Do not get a lot of help from the Gov - takes long to build