Unit 2, Section C- Energy management Flashcards
Define energy demand
the amount of energy that a country requires to meet its need
Define energy mix
the range of sources that a country uses to generate energy
Define energy exploitation
the action of extracting an energy resource and using it to produce energy
Define energy security
uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price
Define energy surplus
when a supply exceed the demand
Define energy deficit
when the demand exceeds the production
Name two regions that have an energy surplus?
North America and parts of the Middle East
Name two regions that have an energy deficit? (insecurity)
Africa and parts of South East Asia
What is energy insecurity?
where countries have an interrupted supply of energy or cannot afford to provide energy
Name two countries that very high energy consumption?
Russia and the US
Name two countries that very low energy consumption?
Kenya and Ethiopia
Name two countries that have high levels of energy supply/production?
North America- large coal reserves
Russia- large reserves of natural gas and oil
Why is energy consumption rising dramatically in some LIC’s and all NEE’s?
As countries develop economically, their demand for energy supply rises (bc use of more tech & open more factories =increased energy)
How does technology, climate and political factors affect the energy supply? (Give example or statistic)
Technology- tech make energy source in difficult env exploitable
(i.e in Iceland & Pacific Rim)
Climate- amount of sun & wind influence availability of solar & wind energy
(i.e HEP needs a suitable dam site in mountain areas with high rainfall)
Political factors- political instability in the Middle East = countries seek alternative energy sources.
(i.e UK gov have cut subsidies for renewable energy)
Why is the Artic now being explored & exploited?
- Huge reserves of oil & gas
- Gas= 1/3 of all global resources
- Oil= 1/8 of global resources
What are some risks involved in working in the Artic?
- Harms wildlife
- Releases CO2 into the atmosphere
- Leaked gases cause public health problems & contribute to GHG emissions
What are the potential economic impacts of working in areas like the Artic?
- Exploitation is difficult & expensive
- Ppl demand higher wages to work their
- Long distance & limited transportation increase transport costs
What are the potential environmental impacts of working in areas like the Artic?
- Oil spills would be catastrophic for the fragile Artic env
- Strict env controls are needed
- Drilling equipment may sink during the summer thaw
How are biofuels affecting food production?
- Have led to increased food prices
- Often grown on land previously used for growing crops (reduce potential food supplies)
Why is food production affected by energy insecurity?
- Used for producing farms machinery
- Stores farms produce & manufactorers fertilisers/chemicals
- Agriculture= energy generator
(30% global energy, food production uses)
What impact does energy insecurity have on industry?
-Countries suffer from shortfall in electricity production
-Oil: used in manufacturing chemicals, plastics & pharmaceuticals
Pakistan=
-Closes more than 500 companies in city Faisalabad
-Suffer from power-cuts (can last 20h)
What impact does energy insecurity have on conflict?
- Russia controls 25% of world natural gas supplies
- Middle East produces 40% of worlds gas & 56% of its oil
- Stop exports
How does this energy source work (wind, hydro, solar)?
How can it increase energy supply in specific areas of the world?
Wind (electrical energy produced from the power of the wind, using windmills or turbines)
- unpopular with some but considerable potential
HEP (electricity generated by turbines that are driven by moving water)
- contributes 85% of global renewable electricity
Solar (suns energy exploited by solar panels to generate electricity)
- energy production is seasonal, great potential in LIC’s (have lottos sun)
Why are fossil fuels still the most common form of energy production?
- Cheap
- Reliable
How are fossil fuels formed?
-Formed from the remains of plants& animals
What are the problems with nuclear power?
- Radioactive waste can remain dangerous for over 1000 years
- Expensive
What is natural gas and how is it formed?
- Remains of tiny sea plants & animals buried on the ocean floor by sand & sediment
- Over millions years remains buried deeper. Pressure & heat convert organic material into hydrocarbons (oil & gas)
- Natural gas seeped through cracks in overlying rocks & collected in reservoirs. Natural gas is extracted from these reservoirs.
Where is natural gas found?
- 60% NG reservoirs in Russia, Iran & Qatar (expected to last 54yrs)
- Technology allows shale gas (NG found trapped within shale formations rock) to be extracted by fracking
Name three advantages of natural gas as an energy source
- Emits 45% fewer CO2 emissions than other FF
- Lower risk of env accidents from oil
- Transported easily via pipelines or by tankers
Name three disadvantages of natural gas as an energy source
- Some gas reserves are in politically unstable countries
- Water-waste & chemically from fracking can contaminate groundwater
- Contributes to global warming by producing CO2 & methane emissions
What is a sustainable energy supply?
It involves balancing supply & demand
What is a carbon footprint?
Measurement of GHG’s individuals produce, through burning FF
How can individuals reduce their energy use and carbon footprint?
- Make more energy
- Use less
- Import more
How can houses reduce their energy use?
- Double glazing (i.e. windows)
- Use energy efficient appliances
- Cavity wall & loft insulation
- Hot water recirculation
How can technology make the use of fossil more efficient?
Vehicle manufacturers are using tech to design more fuel efficient cars:
- Development of electric & hybrid cars, USA could reduce use of oil for transport by up to 95%
- Development of biofuel tech, Brazil - reduced petrol consumption by 40% since 1993
What is biofuel?
Petrol or diesel created from specific crops
Name three way that the city of Miami in Sweden is sustainable
- All 1000 buildings in the district use 100% renewable energy
- Solar tubes on the outside of buildings produce hot water which can be stored in aquifers
- Cyclists have priority at crossroads
Where is Chambamontera?
Andes Mountains of Peru (north)
What type of renewable energy does this community use? (Chambamontera)
Water
Why is this area sustainable for renewable energy production?
Has:
High rainfall, steep slopes & is fast flowing (water) = suitable for exploiting water power
Name three ways that the project benefits the local community
- Reduced rural-urban migration (pop growth)
- Improved skl facilities & possibility of doing schoolwork at home after dark
- Reliable electricity for refrigeration, light & other uses (computers)
Are there any drawbacks to this scheme? (Chambamontera)
-Do not get a lot of help from the Gov - takes long to build
