Unit 2 Section 2 Pages 60-70 Flashcards
A solid whose atoms or components appear in a regular, repeating pattern.
Crystal
A substance that can’t be broken into simpler substances by chemical means.
Elements
What are the most common elements in the Earth’s crust?
Oxygen and Silicon
Atoms combine to make more complex structures such as _ and _. These may be made of one or more element.
Molecules and Crystals
A substance that has specific characteristics (physical and chemical); a solid substance that has a characteristic chemical composition (Made of the same material throughout).
Mineral
_ makes up the rock that forms on Earth’s crust. These can vary from place to place.
Minerals
Coal, glass, and sugar are examples of what?
Nonminerals
Glacial Ice, Drusy Quartz, and Calcite are all examples of what?
Minerals
What is the Criteria for minerals?
It must occur naturally, be inorganic, solid, have a specific chemical composition, and have a definite crystalline structure.
Minerals that are crystals of a single element are called _.
Native minerals
Of the 92 naturally occurring elements on earth, how many are native element minerals?
19
Most of the more than 5,000 different known minerals are _.
Compounds
A substance composed of atoms of 2 or more different types of elements that are held together by chemical bonds.
Compound
The most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust are compounds rich in Oxygen and Silicon called _?
Silicates/Silica (SiO2)
The most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust are a combo of silica with _.
Iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Function of the wavelengths of light that a mineral reflects.
Color
Description of the way a mineral reflects light.
Luster
A measure of the amount of light that a mineral absorbs or allows to pass through.
Transparency
How a mineral normally appears in nature. It’s determined by the way the atoms within are organized, the way it forms, and the environment that it’s formed in.
Shape
_ and _ describe the way a mineral breaks.
Cleavage and fracture
Color of a mineral in its powdered form. It’s a useful way to identify minerals because it doesn’t differ significantly from sample to sample.
Streak
Used to describe the relative hardness of a mineral crystal or its scratch resistance.
Mohs Hardness scale
