Unit 2 Section 2 Pages 60-70

Question 1

A solid whose atoms or components appear in a regular, repeating pattern.

Answer 1

Crystal

Question 2

A substance that can’t be broken into simpler substances by chemical means.

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

What are the most common elements in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 3

Oxygen and Silicon

Question 4

Atoms combine to make more complex structures such as _ and _. These may be made of one or more element.

Answer 4

Molecules and Crystals

Question 5

A substance that has specific characteristics (physical and chemical); a solid substance that has a characteristic chemical composition (Made of the same material throughout).

Answer 5

Mineral

Question 6

_ makes up the rock that forms on Earth’s crust. These can vary from place to place.

Answer 6

Minerals

Question 7

Coal, glass, and sugar are examples of what?

Answer 7

Nonminerals

Question 8

Glacial Ice, Drusy Quartz, and Calcite are all examples of what?

Answer 8

Minerals

Question 9

What is the Criteria for minerals?

Answer 9

It must occur naturally, be inorganic, solid, have a specific chemical composition, and have a definite crystalline structure.

Question 10

Minerals that are crystals of a single element are called _.

Answer 10

Native minerals

Question 11

Of the 92 naturally occurring elements on earth, how many are native element minerals?

Answer 11

19

Question 12

Most of the more than 5,000 different known minerals are _.

Answer 12

Compounds

Question 13

A substance composed of atoms of 2 or more different types of elements that are held together by chemical bonds.

Answer 13

Compound

Question 14

The most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust are compounds rich in Oxygen and Silicon called _?

Answer 14

Silicates/Silica (SiO2)

Question 15

The most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust are a combo of silica with _.

Answer 15

Iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Question 16

Function of the wavelengths of light that a mineral reflects.

Answer 16

Color

Question 17

Description of the way a mineral reflects light.

Answer 17

Luster

Question 18

A measure of the amount of light that a mineral absorbs or allows to pass through.

Answer 18

Transparency

Question 19

How a mineral normally appears in nature. It’s determined by the way the atoms within are organized, the way it forms, and the environment that it’s formed in.

Answer 19

Shape

Question 20

_ and _ describe the way a mineral breaks.

Answer 20

Cleavage and fracture

Question 21

Color of a mineral in its powdered form. It’s a useful way to identify minerals because it doesn’t differ significantly from sample to sample.

Answer 21

Streak

Question 22

Used to describe the relative hardness of a mineral crystal or its scratch resistance.

Answer 22

Mohs Hardness scale