UNIT 2: Revolution and Early National Period Flashcards
Republican Ascendancy (1800-1815)
Westward Expansion
Americans moved west, and new states joined the union: Kentucky, 1792; Tennessy, 1796; Ohio, 1803;
economy picked up Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan;
accross Appalacian Mountains;
Western populations reached 16,000: were applicable for statehood;
divided Native American tribes were pushed out (further West);
refused to sell land
Little Turtle
Chief of Miami Confederation - more than half a dozen of Native tribes (Ohio, Indiana);
resisted and defeated General St. Clair (worst military defeat against the Native Americans)
Battle of Fallen Timbers
broke Native American resistance;
Little Turtle’s confederation broke apart;
Anthony Wayne replaced General St. Clair;
Indians were forced to sign th Treaty of Greenvilland cede most of the land in Ohio and part of Indiana (1795);
about 600-700 soldiers were killed by Native Americans
Shawnee Chief Tecumseh
created a new Indian Confederation in early 1800s;
dozen tribes or more in midwest (Indiana, Illinois, Great Lakes region);
he and his brother Tenskwatawa established Prophetstown (in Indiana);
great orator;
attempted to rebuild the alliance in 1812 but was eventually killed when fought for Britain against Americans;
1768-1813
The Battle of Tippecanoe
occurred in 1811;
William Henry Harrison defeated Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, and Tecumseh’s alliance fell apart;
obscure;
destroyed Tecumseh’s confederation;
William Henry Harrison and his militia reached Prephetstown with about 900-1000 men;
Tenskwatawa rallied soldiers and attacked encampment of military soldiers
Tenskwatawa
religious preacher;
abondon all aspects of white society
The Battle of Horshoe Bend
occurred in 1814;
Andrew Jackson defeated Creek Indians;
they ceded more than half of their land to U.S.;
ugly slaughter of Native Americans in the South (Alabama);
opened millions of thousands of acres in the Southeast
The American Economy
prosperity is based on agriculture and trade; little industry existed;
South: tobacco, rice, cotton
North: livestock, cereal crops (corn, barley, wheat); some farms (closer to cities): fruits and vegetables;
merchants profited from commerce (in 1800, 84% were in agriculture);
success of carrying trade discouraged industrialization
Thomas Jefferson’s Successes
a skilled politician;
reduced debt with Albert Gallatin (Secretary of Treasury): reduced the size of the army, navy, embassys in countries (that were not esential);
repealed direct taxes and cut government expenses (hated Whiskey Tax);
allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire (pardoned individuals imprisoned for sedition)
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson approached France;
Napoleon was intrested in selling more than New Orleans;
entire territory that France took from Spain;
$15 million; doubled the size of the United States;
popular;
the deal was made without the Constitutional Amendment;
Lewis and Clarke Expedition
Lewis was Thomas Jefferson’s personal secretary;
he was picked to lead the expedition;
dispatched in 1804 by Thomas Jefferson after the Luisiana Purchase in 1803;
put together a group of 40+ people;
once reached the Rocky Mountains, found that there was no way to cross North America (through a water passage) into the Pacific Ocean;
returned by 1806;
made it through tricky encounters with Native Americans
The Barbary Wars
lasted from 1801 to 1805;
U.S. refused to pay higher tribute to Barbary States (small states in Northern Africa, from Morocco region Tripoli);
states harassed international shipping;
Thomas Jefferson sent navy to protect commerce and enforce free trade;
when Tripoli increased their payments in 1801, they demanded more;
Thomas Jefferson said no;
in return, Tripoli declared war to the United States;
U.S. lost its biggest ship, the Float of Philadelphia;
in the end, the blockade of Tripoli paid off;
the first Barbary War ended in 1805;
few years later James Madison had to send navy again
Thomas Jefferson and the Courts
Midnight Appointments
Judiciary Act of 1801
Marbury vs. Madison
Midnight Appointments
put forth by John Adams;
created new federalist judges;
cost too much (we do not need them); 6 new circuit courts;
stacked courts with Federalist judges; John Adams appointed judges;
was still in the office (after losing the election)
Judiciary Act of 1801
Federalist Congress passed;
Midnight Appointments;
Thomas Jefferson was successful in repealing
Marbury vs. Madison
John Marshall established judicial review by declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional
Marbury
judge;
had been appointed by John Adams to an existing federal court in Washington D.C.;
registration wasn’t completed for Marbury to take on the job;
Commission that was signed and approved wasn’t delivered;
case went to the Supreme Court;
there, an important ruling came out from Chief of Justice (John Marshall);
ruled that Marbury should get the job;
the Supreme Court could not compel Jefferson;
the first time that the Supreme Court overturned the act of Congress
Impeachment of Samuel Chase
was a partisan Federalist;
very critical towards Republicans;
it failed in the Senate;
Thomas Jefferson tried to make happen
Three things that can be impeached for
bribary, treason, and other high crimes and misdemeanors
Aaron Burr
Vice President;
lost election for NY Governor;
he lost the presidency and the decided to run;
charged with murder in New Jersey;
left to Washingtonas Vice President (for a few months);
then, left to Mississippi Valley;
was put on trial for treason but convicted;
at one point, went into excile and spent a couple of decades in Britain;
not good for Republicans that Burr (one of theirs) ended up killing Hamilton (Federalist)
Alexander Hamilton-Aaron Burr Duel
Weehawken, New Jersey in 1804;
Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton
Congress voted to end slave trade
in 1807
Thomas Jefferson’s Foreign Policy
Britain and France renewed war and threatened U.S. neutrality;
Orders in Council;
Berlin, Milan Decrees;
Embargo Act
Orders in Council
British naval blockade of the continent of the places of Europe that were controlled by Napolean
