Unit 2 revision

Question 1

Graphic Difference

Answer 1

Spelling, punctuation, letter shape and paragraphing were different at that time

Question 2

Lexical difference

Answer 2

Many words has disappeared without a trace and is known to be archaic

Question 3

Phonological difference

Answer 3

The shape of familiar words have been altered significantly. Sound has also disappeared and pronunciation of words as altered

Question 4

Grammatical difference

Answer 4

Doesnt follow subject verb object

Question 5

Borrowing

Answer 5

To describe the linguistic forms that are taken over by one language from another.

Question 6

Codified

Answer 6

Compiling systematic accounts for a language by adding grammar, dictionaries or style guides

Question 7

Elision

Answer 7

• sound are left out
• Unstressed vowels are often deleted eg interesting, scenery
• Consonants can also disappear eg library
• function words eg pronoun are prone to vowel reduction

Question 8

Insertion

Answer 8

Words are added where they previously dont exist for eg athelete or film
-words are added to make it easier to say

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Sounds can be modified in various ways. Sound will change depending on the company they keep.
Eg handbag

Question 10

Symmetry of change

Answer 10

The great vowel shift is remarkably symmetrical

Question 11

Commonization

Answer 11

Names can enter the language as words eg blunnies

Question 12

Acronyms

Answer 12

Words can form from the initials of other words eg figjam

Question 13

Initialisms

Answer 13

Words can also be formed from the initials of other words but they’re nit pronounceable words like acronyms eg icymi

Question 14

Compounding

Answer 14

The combination of two or more free morphemes is a very important word formation process eg bro hug

Question 15

Shortening

Answer 15

People love to shorten words eg gorge

Question 16

Affixation

Answer 16

The most important means we have of coming up with new words in english involves the addition of bound morphemes eg joy seeker

Question 17

Blends

Answer 17

New words can also be formed from the contraction of two existing words eg mansplain

Question 18

Broadening

Answer 18

Refers to the expansion of contexts in which a word can appear eg scrounger

Question 19

Narrowing

Answer 19

Is when a word comes to mean only a part of what it originally meant; it is more common than broadening eg alcoholic beverage

Question 20

Shift

Answer 20

Entails the total alteration pf the contexts, so a word comes to mean something completely different from what it once meant eg dag

Question 21

Elevation

Answer 21

• pleasant overtone can gradually erode away, intensifying expressions, such as awesome
• words can take on favourable overtones eg politicians

Question 22

Deterioration

Answer 22

Is much more usual than elevation- words are much more likely to acquire negative association

Question 23

Prescriptive approach

Answer 23

A