Unit 2 Review(ATOMS AND ELEMENTS) Flashcards
Adhesion
The property of sticking to other substances
chemical change
A change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances
chemical property
A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or substances
Chemical reaction
The process in which a chemical change occurs
Cohesion
The property of sticking together
Combustibility
The ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light energy
Compound
A put substance made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance
Mass
The measurement of the quantity of matter in an object
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
Mechanical mixture
A combination of our substances in which the different substances are individually visible
Medicine wheel
A First Nation and Métis way of knowing the physical world
Physical property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured
Property
A characteristic that describes a substance
Pure substance
A substance made up of only one kind of particle, with a unique set of properties such as color, hardness, boiling point, and melting point
Solution
A combination of pure substances in which the different substances are not individually visible
Suspension
A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another
Volume
A measurement of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up
Anything that has mass and volume is:
Matter
The state of matter where the atoms have the second lowest amount of energy is:
Liquid
Substances can have a combination of materials in one or more states:
True
Elements and compounds are examples of:
Pure substance
The state of matter with the most energy is known as:
Plasma
When things stick to other substances it is called:
Adhesion
When things stick to themselves it is called:
Cohesion
A compound is an example of what?
Pure substance
Trail mix would be an example of what?
Mechanical mixture
The difference between a mixture and a compound is….
Compounds are chemically combined
Select the type of reaction described- the sulfur is yellow.
Physical
What is the main difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
Pure substances have a definite composition while a mixture is a combination of things that are not chemically combined
What is a chemical change?
A chemical change is when one substance combines with another substance to form a new substance
Describe the difference between cohesion and adhesion, using an example.
Cohesion is when a substance is attracted to and sticks to itself while adhesion is when a substance is attracted to and sticks to something else. EX: water is attracted to water(cohesion), water is attracted to another substance(adhesion)
What are two physical changes that cooling a hot substance may result in?
Change in state(ex: liquid to solid), density
If water freezes inside of a buildings water pipes, the pipes may burst. Explain why this happens, in terms of a physical change or a chemical change
When water freezes the molecules spread out and take up more space( physical change). This causes it to take up more room and possibly burst the pipes.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Elements consist of a single type of atom and can’t be broken down any further while still maintaining the properties of that substance. A compound is a set of elements that are chemically bonded
Atomic mass
A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions
Alkali metals
Elements found in group 1 of the periodic table of elements
Alloy
A solution of two or more metals
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that still has all the elements properties
Atomic mass unit
A unit of measure used to measure an atoms mass
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom of an element
Atomic theory
The theory the explains the nature of matter
Bond
The attraction between atoms or ions
Chemical formula
A formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound
Covalent bond
The attraction between atoms created by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms
Diatomic molecule
A molecule that contains two atoms of the same element
Electron
A negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside the nucleus of the atom
Group( chemical family)
One of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table of elements
Halogens
Elements found in group 17 of the periodic table of elements
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons
Ion charge
An electric charge that an atom or groups of joined atoms take on when it gains or loses electrons
Iconic bond
The attraction between ions of opposite charges
Ionic compound
A pure substance formed when at least one metal and one non-metal combine chemically
Lattice
A regular, patterned three-dimensional structure
Law
A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Metalloids
Elements with metallic and non-metallic properties
Metals
Elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and heat
Molecular compound
A pure substance formed when non-metals combine chemically
Molecule
A groups of atoms that share electrons
Neutral
A property of having no overall charge
Neutron
A neutral particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom
Noble gases
Elements found in group 18 of the periodic table of elements
Non-metals
Elements that do not resemble metals
Nucleus
The center of an atom where all of the atoms positive charges and most of an atoms mass is concentrated
Period
One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic table of elements
Periodic table
A chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns
Proton
A positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom
Relative mass
The mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object
Subatomic particle
A particle that makes up an atom
Theory
A generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments
Who proposed that everything is made up of tiny spheres?
Dalton
He stated that electrons are in specific energy levels around the nucleus.
Bohr
He stated that an atom is a positively charged spree with electrons scattered throughout.
Thompson
He used charged particles in an experiment to determine protons are in a central mass.
Rutherford
James Chadwick proposed the addition of neutrons in the nucleus. Who did he work with?
Thompson
Which of the three types of elements makes up the majority of the periodic table?
Metals
Which elements on the periodic table are known as semiconductors?
Metalloids
The vertical columns on the periodic table are known as……
Groups
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are known as…..
Periods
A solution of two or more metals is called a(n)…….
Alloy
Is the most common element on earths surface.
Oxygen
What are the three categories that the periodic table can be split up into, these are the least common.
Metalloids
What do you call an atom that has lost or gained an electron?
Ion
What group on the periodic table already has a full valence shell?
Group 18
What do scientists call the smallest possible amount of a pure substance-that can exist?
Atom
Define the word compound. Give an example
A compound is a mixture of two or more pure substances that are chemically combined. EX: H2O
Distinguish between “analytical” and “ holistic” ways of thinking
An analytical way of thinking refers to breaking concepts down into their simplest parts to see the whole picture, while holistic thinks of everything as the whole and seeks to understand how everything works together or is connected
Based on the structure of ionic compounds, explain why they are usually hard solids with high melting points.
Due to the way they form( metals losing and non-metals gaining electrons) they have a very strong bond from the attraction between the ions created. This bond takes lots of energy to break down therefore showing why they have a very high melting point etc.
Describe each of the different models of the atom that have been created over time.
Look at the four square comparison in the notes
What types of elements are most often used in electronics? Why?
Metalloids; they are referred to as semiconductors. This means that electricity can be more easily controlled when flowing through them instead of some other types of substances
Draw a Bohr diagram of 3 different elements
Students answers will vary
Name some of the elements in the alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases groups
Alkali metals- Li, Na, K
Halogens- F, Cl, Br
Noble gases- He, Ne, Ar
