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science 9b > Unit 2 Review(ATOMS AND ELEMENTS) > Flashcards

Unit 2 Review(ATOMS AND ELEMENTS) Flashcards

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1
Q

Adhesion

A

The property of sticking to other substances

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2
Q

chemical change

A

A change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances

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3
Q

chemical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or substances

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4
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The process in which a chemical change occurs

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5
Q

Cohesion

A

The property of sticking together

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6
Q

Combustibility

A

The ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light energy

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7
Q

Compound

A

A put substance made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically

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8
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance

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9
Q

Mass

A

The measurement of the quantity of matter in an object

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10
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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11
Q

Mechanical mixture

A

A combination of our substances in which the different substances are individually visible

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12
Q

Medicine wheel

A

A First Nation and Métis way of knowing the physical world

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13
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured

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14
Q

Property

A

A characteristic that describes a substance

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15
Q

Pure substance

A

A substance made up of only one kind of particle, with a unique set of properties such as color, hardness, boiling point, and melting point

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16
Q

Solution

A

A combination of pure substances in which the different substances are not individually visible

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17
Q

Suspension

A

A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another

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18
Q

Volume

A

A measurement of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up

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19
Q

Anything that has mass and volume is:

A

Matter

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20
Q

The state of matter where the atoms have the second lowest amount of energy is:

A

Liquid

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21
Q

Substances can have a combination of materials in one or more states:

A

True

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22
Q

Elements and compounds are examples of:

A

Pure substance

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23
Q

The state of matter with the most energy is known as:

A

Plasma

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24
Q

When things stick to other substances it is called:

A

Adhesion

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25
Q

When things stick to themselves it is called:

A

Cohesion

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26
Q

A compound is an example of what?

A

Pure substance

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27
Q

Trail mix would be an example of what?

A

Mechanical mixture

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28
Q

The difference between a mixture and a compound is….

A

Compounds are chemically combined

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29
Q

Select the type of reaction described- the sulfur is yellow.

A

Physical

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30
Q

What is the main difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A

Pure substances have a definite composition while a mixture is a combination of things that are not chemically combined

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31
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A chemical change is when one substance combines with another substance to form a new substance

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32
Q

Describe the difference between cohesion and adhesion, using an example.

A

Cohesion is when a substance is attracted to and sticks to itself while adhesion is when a substance is attracted to and sticks to something else. EX: water is attracted to water(cohesion), water is attracted to another substance(adhesion)

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33
Q

What are two physical changes that cooling a hot substance may result in?

A

Change in state(ex: liquid to solid), density

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34
Q

If water freezes inside of a buildings water pipes, the pipes may burst. Explain why this happens, in terms of a physical change or a chemical change

A

When water freezes the molecules spread out and take up more space( physical change). This causes it to take up more room and possibly burst the pipes.

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35
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

Elements consist of a single type of atom and can’t be broken down any further while still maintaining the properties of that substance. A compound is a set of elements that are chemically bonded

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36
Q

Atomic mass

A

A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions

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37
Q

Alkali metals

A

Elements found in group 1 of the periodic table of elements

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38
Q

Alloy

A

A solution of two or more metals

39
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that still has all the elements properties

40
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

A unit of measure used to measure an atoms mass

41
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom of an element

42
Q

Atomic theory

A

The theory the explains the nature of matter

43
Q

Bond

A

The attraction between atoms or ions

44
Q

Chemical formula

A

A formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound

45
Q

Covalent bond

A

The attraction between atoms created by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms

46
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

A molecule that contains two atoms of the same element

47
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside the nucleus of the atom

48
Q

Group( chemical family)

A

One of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table of elements

49
Q

Halogens

A

Elements found in group 17 of the periodic table of elements

50
Q

Ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons

51
Q

Ion charge

A

An electric charge that an atom or groups of joined atoms take on when it gains or loses electrons

52
Q

Iconic bond

A

The attraction between ions of opposite charges

53
Q

Ionic compound

A

A pure substance formed when at least one metal and one non-metal combine chemically

54
Q

Lattice

A

A regular, patterned three-dimensional structure

55
Q

Law

A

A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions

56
Q

Mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

57
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements with metallic and non-metallic properties

58
Q

Metals

A

Elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and heat

59
Q

Molecular compound

A

A pure substance formed when non-metals combine chemically

60
Q

Molecule

A

A groups of atoms that share electrons

61
Q

Neutral

A

A property of having no overall charge

62
Q

Neutron

A

A neutral particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom

63
Q

Noble gases

A

Elements found in group 18 of the periodic table of elements

64
Q

Non-metals

A

Elements that do not resemble metals

65
Q

Nucleus

A

The center of an atom where all of the atoms positive charges and most of an atoms mass is concentrated

66
Q

Period

A

One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic table of elements

67
Q

Periodic table

A

A chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns

68
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom

69
Q

Relative mass

A

The mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object

70
Q

Subatomic particle

A

A particle that makes up an atom

71
Q

Theory

A

A generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments

72
Q

Who proposed that everything is made up of tiny spheres?

A

Dalton

73
Q

He stated that electrons are in specific energy levels around the nucleus.

A

Bohr

74
Q

He stated that an atom is a positively charged spree with electrons scattered throughout.

A

Thompson

75
Q

He used charged particles in an experiment to determine protons are in a central mass.

A

Rutherford

76
Q

James Chadwick proposed the addition of neutrons in the nucleus. Who did he work with?

A

Thompson

77
Q

Which of the three types of elements makes up the majority of the periodic table?

A

Metals

78
Q

Which elements on the periodic table are known as semiconductors?

A

Metalloids

79
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are known as……

A

Groups

80
Q

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are known as…..

A

Periods

81
Q

A solution of two or more metals is called a(n)…….

A

Alloy

82
Q

Is the most common element on earths surface.

A

Oxygen

83
Q

What are the three categories that the periodic table can be split up into, these are the least common.

A

Metalloids

84
Q

What do you call an atom that has lost or gained an electron?

A

Ion

85
Q

What group on the periodic table already has a full valence shell?

A

Group 18

86
Q

What do scientists call the smallest possible amount of a pure substance-that can exist?

A

Atom

87
Q

Define the word compound. Give an example

A

A compound is a mixture of two or more pure substances that are chemically combined. EX: H2O

88
Q

Distinguish between “analytical” and “ holistic” ways of thinking

A

An analytical way of thinking refers to breaking concepts down into their simplest parts to see the whole picture, while holistic thinks of everything as the whole and seeks to understand how everything works together or is connected

89
Q

Based on the structure of ionic compounds, explain why they are usually hard solids with high melting points.

A

Due to the way they form( metals losing and non-metals gaining electrons) they have a very strong bond from the attraction between the ions created. This bond takes lots of energy to break down therefore showing why they have a very high melting point etc.

90
Q

Describe each of the different models of the atom that have been created over time.

A

Look at the four square comparison in the notes

91
Q

What types of elements are most often used in electronics? Why?

A

Metalloids; they are referred to as semiconductors. This means that electricity can be more easily controlled when flowing through them instead of some other types of substances

92
Q

Draw a Bohr diagram of 3 different elements

A

Students answers will vary

93
Q

Name some of the elements in the alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases groups

A

Alkali metals- Li, Na, K
Halogens- F, Cl, Br
Noble gases- He, Ne, Ar

science 9b (1 decks)

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