unit #2 review

Question 1

What are the main layers of the pelagic zone?

Answer 1

epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic

Question 2

What organism type is known as ‘drifters’ and are generally weak swimmers and incapable of moving independently of the current?

Answer 2

Plankton

Question 3

What organism type is known as ‘swimmers’ and can move independently of currents and determine their horizontal position?

Answer 3

Nekton

Question 4

What organism type is known as ‘bottom dwellers’ and are the organisms that live on or near the sea floor?

Answer 4

Benthos

Question 5

What are the types of plankton?

Answer 5

phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacterioplankton, virioplankton, holoplankton, meroplankton, macroplankton

Question 6

What are the types of benthos?

Answer 6

epifauna, infauna, nektonbenthos

Question 7

What organism type consists of the largest biomass?

Answer 7

Plankton

Question 8

Which organism type has the largest species variety?

Answer 8

Benthos

Question 9

Which fish type has low osmotic pressure, is hypotonic, drinks water, and excretes small amounts of concentrated urine?

Answer 9

Saltwater fish

Question 10

Which organism type is most affected by temp, salinity, viscosity, and nutrients?

Answer 10

Nekton

Question 11

Which fish type has high osmotic pressure, is hypertonic, does not drink water, and excretes large amounts of dilute urine?

Answer 11

Freshwater fish

Question 12

Which 1-3 year long weather event involves strengthening of trade winds, a build up of colder water, and a jet stream shifted north causing wet and cool conditions in the north and warm and dry conditions in the south?

Answer 12

La Nina

Question 13

Which 9-12 month long weather event involves weakening of trade winds, a build up of warmer water, and a jet stream shifted south causing less snow/warmth in the north and rain in the south?

Answer 13

El Nino

Question 14

What are some ways marine organisms have adapted for pressure?

Answer 14

–No lungs, ear canals, or other bodily cavities.
–Exerting the same amount of pressure outward as what is being exerted on them
–A swim bladder with gas or oil that allows them to adjust their buoyancy

Question 15

What are some of the ways organisms have adapted for water viscosity?

Answer 15

–A small size making it easier to stay afloat
–Streamlining to move through the water with minimum resistance
–Reproduction/broadcast spawning by releasing eggs directly into the water.