Unit 2 Review Flashcards
In nuclear notation, where is the number of protons located?
To the left of the atomic symbol, under mass number
The mass number of an element is the combined mass of —— and ——-
Protons and neutrons
How many pounds of force separate the protons of the nucleus?
29 pounds
What is the “strong force?”
The force pushing inward on an atom keeping the protons together
Adding the mass of the individual protons and neutrons produces a mass larger or smaller mass than the actual mass of the nucleus?
Larger
Would a stable isotope have a high or low binding energy?
High binding energy
Unstable isotopes with low binding energies that decay over time
Radioisotopes
Involves a loss of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, the same number as a helium atom
Alpha decay
A neutron breaks up into a proton that remains in the nucleus, and an electron that is emitted
Beta decay
Decay where electromagnetic energy is released from atoms (no mass is lost)
Gamma decay
Matter is…
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Base unit of mass is
Grams
Base unit of volume is
Liters
The word atomos means
Indivisible
Who came up with the word and theory of atomos
Democritus
Daltons atomic theory states that..
Every element is composed of atoms, all atoms of an element have the same mass, atoms form in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
Substance made from two or more atoms
Molecules
Substances made from atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded
Compounds
Definite shape and volume
Sokid
Definite volume, indeterminate shape
Liquid
No definite volume or shape
Gas
High temperature matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons
Plasma
Have a fixed composition and the same properties throughout
Pure substances
A combination of two or more different particles that do not react with one another
Mixtures
Uniform composition throughout (mixture)
Homogeneous mixture
Non uniform composition throughout (mixture)
Heterogeneous mixture
One substance is dissolved in another substance
Solutions
Salt and water is an example of what type of mixture
Solutions (homogeneous mixture)
Large particles that do not dissolve (heterogeneous mixture)
Suspensions
Muddy water and flout in water are examples of what type of heterogeneous mixture?
Suspensions
Using light to shine through mixtures
The Tyndall effect
Depend on the amount of matter that is present
Extensive properties
Do NOT depend on the amount of matter you have
Intensive properies
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Chemical change
Who discovered the electron
JJ Thompson (plum pudding model)
Who discovered the nucleus using the gold foil experiment
Ernest Rutherford
Who created the model of the atom having specific orbits of electrons
Niels Bohr
Who came up with the probability cloud for electrons in an atom
Erwin Schrödinger
Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick
Substances that are made up of the same element but have differing number of neutrons
Isotopes
Splitting of an atom into smaller fragments
Nuclear fissiob
Process of combining nuclei under extremely high temperatures and pressures to form new atoms
Nuclear fusion
