Unit 2 Respiratory

Question 1

What are the principal muscles of inspiration? (Quiet inhalation)

Answer 1

Diaphragm and External Intercostals (EX in)

Question 2

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration? (Forced inhalation)

Answer 2

Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, and pectoralis minor.

Question 3

What are the muscles of expiration?

Answer 3

Internal intercostals (IN ex), Rectus abdominus, External Obliques, Internal Obliques, and Transverse Obliques

Question 4

What is Pulmonary Ventilation?

Answer 4

Mechanical flow of air into and out of the lungs

Question 5

What is external Respiration?

Answer 5

Exchange of gases between the pulmonary air spaces and the blood.

Question 6

What is Internal Respiration?

Answer 6

Exchange of gases between blood and tissues

Question 7

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 7

The volume of a gas varies INVERSELY with pressure.

Question 8

What is Dalton’s Law?

Answer 8

In a mixture, each gas exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present.

Question 9

What is Henry’s Law?

Answer 9

The quantity of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility (when temperature is constant).
The higher the partial pressure of a gas over a liquid and the higher the solubility, the more gas will stay in solution.

Question 10

What is Tidal Volume (TD)?

Answer 10

The volume breathed in and out without conscious effort (500 mls)

Question 11

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

Answer 11

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort after a normal inspiration
(3100 mls)

Question 12

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

Answer 12

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation. (1200 mls)

Question 13

What is Vital Capacity (VC)?

Answer 13

The total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation: VC= TV+IRV+ERV (4800 mls)

Question 14

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

Answer 14

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation. (Lungs can never be completely empty) (1200 mls)

Question 15

What is the Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

Answer 15

TLC (6000 mls) = VC (4800 mls) + RV (1200)

Question 16

What is Minute Ventilation?

Answer 16

The volume of air breathed in 1 minute: (TV) (breaths/minute) 6000 mls

Question 17

What is a Spirometer?

Answer 17

The equipment used to measure lung capacity

Question 18

What is Anatomic Dead Space?

Answer 18

The space that the residual volume sits in the lungs

Question 19

What is Inspiratory Capacity?

Answer 19

IRV (3100 mls) + TV (500 mls)

Question 20

What is Functional Residual Capacity?

Answer 20

ERV (1200 mls) + RV (1200 mls)

Question 21

What is Vital Capacity?

Answer 21

IRV (3100 mls) + TV (500 mls) + ERV (1200 mls)

Question 22

What are the structures of the upper respiratory?

Answer 22

1. Nose
2. Nasal Cavity
3. Paranasal Sinuses
4. Pharynx (throat) and associated structures)

Question 23

What are the structures of the Lower respiratory?

Answer 23

1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Lungs
4. Bronchi
5. Bronchioles
6. alveoli

Question 24

What are the 2 primary respiratory functions?

Answer 24

1. Supply O2 to cells

2. Eliminate CO2

Question 25

what is hemoglobin?

Answer 25

a pigment molecule that contain four atoms of iron, each capable of of combining with a molecule of oxygen; large, globular protein

Question 26

What is the relationship between temp and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?

Answer 26

Low temp: Increased saturation

High Temp: Decreased saturation

Question 27

What are the structures in the brain that control respiratory?

Answer 27

1. Medulla oblongata: controls rhythm
2. Upper Pons: Limits inspiration/facilitates over exspansion
3. Lower Pons: prolongs inspiration/ inhibits expiration