Unit 2: Reformation

Question 1

How did the role of women change during the reformation?

Answer 1

More opportunity for marriage because men left clergy and married BECAUSE protestants believed clergy could marry.

Question 2

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 2

1572- All French Huguenots in Paris killed.

Question 3

Luther: Faith Alone

Answer 3

Sola fide, Luther believed that having faith in Christ brought salvation, not good works.

Question 4

Calvinists

Answer 4

The minority protestant denomination; John Calvin’s followers, who believed in predestination.

Question 5

Consistory: Calvinism

Answer 5

Geneva, the body that disciplined people who violated the law that was based on the Calvinist interpretation of the bible.

Question 6

How did Calvinist view hard work?

Answer 6

Protestant work ethic comes from believing that it was pleasing to god, and that prospering in good works showed that you were “elect”.

Question 7

Jesuits

Answer 7

Most influential Catholic order during the counter-reformation.

Question 8

How did Protestant churches look?

Answer 8

Plain, no decorations, THEY BELIEVED tithes (tenth of annual produce or earnings) should be spent on the needy not on buildings or art.

Question 9

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 9

1555: Charles V and Schmalkaldic League signed it (HRE, Modern Germany), made it so rulers of a state can decide their people’s religion, (only Lutheranism or Catholicism)

Question 10

France the Edict of Nates

Answer 10

1598: Provided some protection for protestants in France.

Question 11

How did Calvinist interpret the word of God?

Answer 11

ALL protestants believed that one has to read and interpret the bible for oneself, not through a priest.

Question 12

How were Calvinists and Lutherans different?

Answer 12

Calvinists believed in predestination.

Question 13

Why did King Henry break with the Catholic Church?

Answer 13

Divorce.
He absorbed wealth of catholic church in England and became head of church and state.

Question 14

What was the council of Trent?

Answer 14

Part of the Catholic counter reformation. The Catholic church agreed to improve the education of the clergy. (series of meetings 1545-1563) REFORMED: practices. AFFIRMED: doctrine

Question 15

Defeat of the Spanish Armada. How did this impact England how did this impact Spain?

Answer 15

1588: Marked the ascension of England and the descent of Spain.

Question 16

Elizabeth I politique

Answer 16

Middle ground between Catholics and Protestants in England, compromised.

Question 17

How did Lutherans view secular (non-religious) leaders how did Calvinist view secular leaders?

Answer 17

They both believed that if a leader violated the laws of nature that they should be opposed, while others believed they should be obeyed.

Question 18

Why did France support Protestants?

Answer 18

Because they wanted to keep the balance of power in Europe by weakening the Habsburgs.

Question 19

Why were the Jesuit and Ursuline (Roman Catholic nuns) orders established?

Answer 19

They were established to uplift the clergy and bring support to the lay people.

Question 20

Who was Martin Luther? What is anticlericalism?

Answer 20

Father of protestant reformation. Anticlericalism was when people were critical of the uneducated and unethical clergy.

Question 21

How did the printing press affect Martin Luther and his reformation?

Answer 21

He was able to disseminated (spread) his teachings to Europe.

Question 22

What did Luther and Zwingli disagree about?

Answer 22

The Eucharist.

Question 23

How did Luther explain the Roman exploitation to the German princes?

Answer 23

He reminded them that they were exploited and should be wary of the Roman Catholic church.

Question 24

IN THE HRE, who could determine whether people were Protestant or Catholic?

Answer 24

Princes could decide (1555 Peace of Augsburg)

Question 25

What did Luther believe about celibacy?

Answer 25

He was not celibate, believed that it opposed human nature.

Question 26

Why did Elizabeth the first kill Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 26

She found out that Mary Queen of Scots was trying to kill her.

Question 27

Why did Philip II launch his Armada against England?

Answer 27

Wanted to bring Catholicism to England and please the Italian pope.

Question 28

What does Elizabeth I of England and Henry IV of France both have in common?

Answer 28

Both are Politiques

Question 29

Martin Luther, priesthood of all believer’s less hierarchical church.

Answer 29

He believed in singular relationship of the believer and god, did not want hierarchy.

Question 30

What was the German peasant revolt?

Answer 30

1524: Peasants wanted more freedom and money. Princes squashed the rebellion.

Question 31

Why didn’t Martin Luther support the peasant’s revolt in Germany?

Answer 31

1524: Needed German Prince’s approval of Protestantism.

Question 32

HRE Council of Trent;
Best interpretation of scripture?
Was there the abolishment of sacraments?

Answer 32

Focused on elaborating on catholic doctrine;
The Catholic Church;
No abolishment of sacrament

Question 33

What was the Catholic church’s stance on indulgences during the council of Trent?

Answer 33

They still sold indulgences, but were more careful of how they were given out and who they were given to.

Question 34

30 years war: how did it begin? What was it about?

Answer 34

Protestants against popular king in Bohemia (Central Europe).

Question 35

Ferdinand of Bohemia

Answer 35

Catholic HR Emperor who revoked freedom of religion from protestants in the HR Empire.

Question 36

Charles V abdication- what were the consequences?

Answer 36

1555: HR Empire split between Spain and Austria and the Peace of Augsburg.