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Dental R Unit II > Unit 2 Radiation Biology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Radiation Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The time period between the effects of cumulative radiation and visible tissue damage is the

A

Latent period

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2
Q

Some of the somatic effects of long-term exposure to
ionizing radiation include
1. Genetic deformities.
2. Erythema.
3. Alopecia.
4. Blood dyscrasias.

A

All of the above

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3
Q

In offices employing film badges to monitor exposure, when should the badges be worn?

A

At all times when in the working
environment.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements are true about radiation?

A

Radiation us the emission of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles.

Radiation travels at the speed of light.

Radiation is made from electrons traveling ata very high speed.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements are true of hard x- rays as compared to soft x-rays?

A

They are more penetrating

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6
Q

All cells in the body except reproductive cells are referred to as:

A

Somatic

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7
Q

The time that elapses between the exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of clinical symptoms is the:

A

Latent period

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8
Q

Effects of radiation that manifest themselves years after the exposure time are:

A

Long term effects

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9
Q

Examples of background radiation are:

A

Cosmic rays
Internal radiation
External radiation

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10
Q

Which of the following cells are most radiosensitive?

A

Red blood cells

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11
Q

Which of the following is the earliest detectable symptom of excessive exposure to radiation?

A

Erythema

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12
Q

The legal responsibility for all acts performed in the dental office is given to:

A

The dentist

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13
Q

The only person who should be in the path of the useful beam is the:

A

Patient

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14
Q

The amount of radiation a person receives:

A

Is accumulative in the entire body

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15
Q

A technique used to measure the operator’s exposure to radiation is:

A

For the operator to wear a radiation film
badge

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16
Q

The ALARA principle stands for:

A

Aw low as reasonably archievable

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17
Q

Which type of effect from radiation can be passed on to the offspring?

A

Genetic

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18
Q

All patients should be draped with a lead apron and
collar during dental radiographs.

A

True

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19
Q

Long term effects of radiation manifest themselves years after the exposure time

A

True

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20
Q

The radiation dose is the measure of ionization that is in the air.

A

False

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21
Q

Hair loss

A

Alopecia

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22
Q

When a dental radiograph is taken, all the x-rays reach the film and will not penetrate the skin or other body tissue

A

False

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23
Q

The primary cause of biological damage from radiation is

A

Ionization

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24
Q

Direct injury from radiation occurs when the x-ray photon

A

Strike critical cell molecules

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25
Q

Indirect injury from radiation occurs when the x-ray photons

A

Ionize water and form toxins.

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26
Q

According to the law of B and T, cells with a high reproductive rate are described as

A

Radiosensitive.

27
Q

Which of these cells are most radiosensitive?

A

White blood cells

28
Q

Which of these cells are most radioresistant?

A

Muscle cells

29
Q

When the effect of a radiation exposure is observed in the offspring of an irradiated person, but not in the irradiated person, this is called the

A

Genetic effect

30
Q

A dose–response curve indicating that any amount of radiation, no matter how small, has the potential to cause a bio- logical response is called

A

Nonthreshold

31
Q

Each of the following is a factor that determines radiation injury EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A

Patient gender

32
Q

According to the factors that determine radiation injury, based on age, who is the most radiosensitive?

A

A 6 year old

33
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following radiation exposure?

A

Latent period, period of injury, recovery period

34
Q

When a biological response is based on the probability of occurrence rather than the severity of the change, it is called a

A

Stochastic effect.

35
Q

Which of these is considered a short-term outcome following radiation exposure?

A

Acute radiation syndrome

36
Q

Full-term, low birth weight is possibly associated with radiation exposure to which of the following?

A

All of the above

37
Q

During exposure of an intraoral dental radiograph, approximately how much smaller is the dose of radiation in the gonadal area than at the surface of the face?

A

0.0001

38
Q

Each of the following is in the path of the x-ray beam during exposure of an intraoral dental radiograph on an adult patient. Which one, because of its relative
radioresistancy is NOT considered critical for dental radiography?

A

Spinal cord

39
Q

The potential risk of a full mouth dental x-ray examination inducing cancer in a patient has been estimated to be

A

2.5 per 1,000,000 examinations.

40
Q

What term best expresses comparisons between dental radiation exposures and natural background exposure?

A

Effective dose equivalent

41
Q

Who has an ethical responsibility to adopt ALARA?

A

A. The dental assistant
B. The dental hygienist
C. The dentist

42
Q

Based on the selection criteria guidelines, what is the radiographic recommendation for bitewing radiographs on an adult recall patient with no clinical caries and no high-risk factors for caries?

A

Every 24–36 months

43
Q

Communication, working knowledge of a quality radiographic image, and education all aid in protecting the patient against unnecessary radiation exposure by

A

Reducing the risk of retake radiographs.

44
Q

What is the minimum total filtration that is required by an x-ray machine that can operate in ranges above 70 kVp?

A

2.5 mm of aluminum equivalent

45
Q

What is the federally mandated size of the diameter of the primary beam at the end of the PID (at the of the patient’s face)?

A

2.75 in. (7 cm)

46
Q

Radiation protection from secondary radiation may be increased by the use of an aluminum filter and a lead collimator because the filter regulates the size of the
tissue area that is exposed and the collimator prevents low-energy radiation from reaching the tissue.

A

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.

47
Q

Which of the following exposes the patient to less radiation?

A

16 in. (41 cm) rectangular PID

48
Q

Which of the following contributes the most to reducing patient radiation exposure?

A

F speed film

49
Q

During dental x-ray exposure, the lead/lead- equivalent thyroid collar with apron should be placed on

A

A. Children.
B. Females.
C. Males.
D. All patients.

50
Q

Each of the following aids in reducing patient radiation exposure EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A

Slow-speed film

51
Q

If a protective barrier is not present, what is the recommended minimum distance that the operator should stand from the source of the radiation?

A

6 ft (1.83 m)

52
Q

Film badges, TLDs, and OSL and DIS monitors are used to

A

Monitor radiation exposure the dental radiographer may incur

53
Q

The annual maximum permissible whole-body dose for oral health care personnel is

A

50 mSv.

54
Q

The annual maximum permissible whole-body dose for the general public is

A

5.0 mSv

55
Q

What is a symptom of x-ray dermatitis?

A

Erythema

56
Q

The cells most sensitive to ionization radiation are

A

Reproductive cells

57
Q

The best type of x-ray to penetrate tissue is

A

Hard rays (short wavelength/high frequencies).

58
Q

Proper infection control techniques during radiographic procedures include:

A
  1. The technician should wear gloves while exposing
    radiographs
  2. The technician should wear gloves while processing
    radiographs
  3. The technician should wear a mask while exposing
    radiographs
  4. The technician should wear protective safety glasses
    while exposing radiographs
59
Q

Which number relates to a child’s dental film?

A

0

60
Q

The size of the silver bromide crystals determines the:

A

Film speed or film sensitivit

61
Q

The following are true about intraoral film packets:

A
  1. The film must be light tight
  2. The film must resist saliva seepage
  3. The film must be flexible
  4. The packets can either be double or single films
62
Q

When the mandibular second premolar is radiographed, what portion of the film should beyond the occlusal plane?

A

1/8 inch

63
Q

. The following are true statements about x-rays films:

A
  1. It is composed of a clear cellulose acetate
  2. It contains silver bromide crystal
  3. The crystals are suspended in a gelatin
64
Q

A periapical film should show:

A

A. Entire tooth
B. 2/3 mm of periapical bone
C. 1/8 inch beyond the occlusal plane
D. All of the above

Dental R Unit II (1 decks)

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