Unit 2 Quizzes

Question 1

Fixed mindsets and growth mindsets represent variations in:

A) Whether people perceive their personal qualities to be more stable versus more malleable.
B) How people conceptualize “gains” and “losses”.
C) People’s natural tendencies to approach situations vs. avoid situations.
D) How people frame their goals (i.e., in terms of performance or mastery).

Answer 1

Whether people perceive their personal qualities to be more stable versus more malleable.

Question 2

People with a fixed mindset about intelligence are likely to do each of the following except:

A) Respond poorly to negative performance feedback
B) Possess an entity theory of intelligence
C) Exert more effort after failing an exam
D) Have a performance goal orientation in school

Answer 2

Exert more effort after failing an exam

Question 3

People with a growth mindset about intelligence most likely had parents and teachers who:

A) Praised them for putting in enough effort to succeed at tasks.
B) Gave them a lot of praise, but not a lot of criticism.
C) Praised them for being “good” and “smart” at school.
D) Gave them a lot of criticism, but not a lot of praise.

Answer 3

Praised them for putting in enough effort to succeed at tasks.

Question 4

Someone who has high academic self-efficacy would be most likely to say:

A) “I am good at school.”
B) “I know I have the skills to succeed at this assignment.”
C) “This assignment is way too challenging for me.”
D) “I am a very intelligent person.”

Answer 4

“I know I have the skills to succeed at this assignment.”

Question 5

The strongest determinant of self-efficacy is:

A) Verbal persuasion from peers and parents.
B) Vicariously experiencing behaviors performed by others.
C) Your own history of personal behavior.
D) A physiological state of relaxation.

Answer 5

Your own history of personal behavior.

Question 6

According to this chapter, a person’s external environment:

A) Impacts their motivation, by fulfilling (or thwarting) their needs.
B) Is less important than their “needs mindset”.
C) Typically fulfills their basic needs to survive and thrive.
D) Is irrelevant to their experience of motivation.

Answer 6

Impacts their motivation, by fulfilling (or thwarting) their needs.

Question 7

What is the need to behave effectively in a given situation?

Answer 7

Competence

Question 8

What is the need to be close to others (e.g., the need to be accepted, rather than rejected).

Answer 8

Relatedness

Question 9

What is the need to self-direct one’s own behaviors (e.g., by being able to choose behavior freely)

Answer 9

Autonomy

Question 10

This term refers to the motivation that arises when people self-endorse behaviors because it aligns with their sense of self.

Answer 10

Integrated regulation

Question 11

This term refers to motivation that stems from the desire to obtain a reward (or avoid a negative consequence).

Answer 11

External regulation

Question 12

This term refers to the motivation that arises when people behave in a way that feels personally useful or important.

Answer 12

Identified regulation

Question 13

This term refers to what Reeve calls the “tyranny of shoulds;” that is, taking action based on other people’s preferences for your behavior.

Answer 13

Introjected regulation

Question 14

This term refers to an overall lack of motivation (i.e., apathy).

Answer 14

Amotivation

Question 15

Both expectancies for success and task value predict achievement; but while expectancies for success predict __________, task value predicts __________:

A) Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
B) Extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation
C) Task performance; task choice
D) Task choice; task performance

Answer 15

Task performance; task choice

Question 16

The value that comes from enjoying a task.

Answer 16

Intrinsic value

Question 17

Not quite “value,” but instead refers to the perceived barriers or negative consequences of task engagement.

Answer 17

Cost value

Question 18

The value that comes from a task’s perceived usefulness.

Answer 18

Utility value

Question 19

The value that comes from feeling that a task is important to one’s sense of self.

Answer 19

Attainment value

Question 20

Learned helplessness develops when people:

A) Expect that outcomes arise independently of their behaviors.
B) Experience undesirable (negative) outcomes, like bad grades or health problems.
C) Are extrinsically motivated to avoid negative consequences.

Answer 20

Expect that outcomes arise independently of their behaviors.

Question 21

The consequences of learned helplessness include:

A) Decreases in the willingness to put in additional effort.
B) Increases in depression-based emotions.
C) Decreases in learning.
D) All of the options are consequences of learned helplessness.

Answer 21

All of the options are consequences of learned helplessness.

Question 22

Attributions differ in their locus, stability, and controllability. For example, a student who fails an exam might attribute the cause of the low score to their own lack of motivation to study. This would be an example of a/an:

A) Causality attribution
B) External attribution
C) Internal attribution
D) Explanatory style attribution

Answer 22

Internal attribution

Question 23

What explanatory style matches this explanation of a breakup?:
“My partner broke up with me; it’s probably because I’m terrible in relationships due to my attachment style, and I can’t do anything to change that at this point in my life.”

Answer 23

Pessimistic Explanatory Style

Question 24

What explanatory style matches this explanation of a breakup?:
“My partner broke up with me, but we did have poor communication in the relationship. I will learn more about communication and conflict management and, next time around, things will be different.”

Answer 24

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Question 25

True or False: Positive psychologists believe that good mental health does not result simply from the absence of mental illness.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Infrequently experiencing emotions like sadness, anger, and boredom.

Answer 26

Negative affect

Question 27

Frequently experiencing emotions like joy, interest, and contentment.

Answer 27

Positive affect

Question 28

Cognitive evaluation that one’s life is going well.

Answer 28

Life satisfaction

Question 29

Identify the false statement about subjective well-being.

A) Subjective well-being is innate, like one’s temperament at birth.
B) Most people have at least moderately high subjective well-being, most of the time.
C) Subjective well-being benefits physical health, relationships, and work.
D) Subjective well-being is enhanced by social relationships.

Answer 29

Subjective well-being is innate, like one’s temperament at birth.