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ap hug unit 1 vocab > Unit 2 (pt 1) Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 2 (pt 1) Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Population distribution

A

the pattern of people scattered over an area

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2
Q

Population density

A

the number of people within a given area

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3
Q

World’s estimated population

A

7 billion

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4
Q

1/3 of the whole population is-

A

China (1.3 billion) and India (1.2 billion)

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5
Q

Where are the major population concentrations?

A

East Asia, Northeast America, South Asia, Western Europe

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6
Q

Where does 60% of the world’s population live?

A

Within 60 miles of the ocean

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7
Q

What do high populations have?

A

High soil fertility and mild climates

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8
Q

How is the world becoming more urban?

A

50% of the population is in urban areas

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9
Q

Human factors that influence population distribution

A

culture, economics, history, politics

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10
Q

Physical factors that influence population distribution

A

climate, land forms, water bodies

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11
Q

Ecumene

A

the habitable parts of the world

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12
Q

Factors the show population distribution vary by scale of analysis

A 
eg. Migration-
global
regional
national
local
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13
Q

population density- name 3 methods

A

measure of total population relative to land size

  • arithmetic
  • physiologic
  • agricultural
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14
Q

Arithmetic population density

A

measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area

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15
Q

Physiologic population density

A

measure the number of people per arable (farmable) land

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16
Q

agricultural population density

A

measure of the number of farmers per arable land

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17
Q

Political processes

A

more laws, greater power/influence

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18
Q

Economic processes

A

more jobs, higher tax base, increase in poverty

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19
Q

Social processes

A

more education, more health care, greater diversity (language/culture)

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20
Q

Pop. dis affect environment

A

deforestation, less spave/room, pollution, natural resource depletion

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21
Q

patterns of age and gender vary across scales

A 
ratio
global
regional
national
local
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22
Q

population pyramids

A

provides a visual representation of a population in terms of age and sex as well as a good indication of the dependency ratio within a country and is used to assess population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods/services

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23
Q

Least developed countries (LDC) tend to…

A

have pop pyramids predicting rapid growth

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24
Q

More developed countries (MDC) tend to…

A

have pop pyramids stable or declining

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25
Q

rapid growth

A

distinguished by a wide base (pop pyramid)

26
Q

stable/slow growth

A

characterized by a rectangular shape (pop pyramid)

27
Q

declining/negative growth

A

the base is smaller that previous cohorts (pop pyramid)

28
Q

disrupted growth

A

signifigant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict pop policies, or other drastic events (pop pyramid)

29
Q

TFR

A

the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (15-49)

30
Q

birth rate

A

nimber of live births in a single year for every 1000 people (in a pop)

31
Q

replacement fertility level

A

2.1 (slightly higher than 2.0 to account for infant childhood mortality/childless women)

32
Q

mortality (death) rate

A

number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)

33
Q

infant mortality rate

A

number of deaths during the 1st year of life (per 1000)

34
Q

child mortality rate

A

number of deaths of between the ages of 1 and 5 (per 1000)

35
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

number of deaths during or shortly after childbirth (per 100,000)

36
Q

migration

A

involves a degree of permanence when moving to a new locale

37
Q

emigration (out migration)

A

describes movement out of a particular place

38
Q

immigration (in migration)

A

describes movement to a particular place

39
Q

transitional migration

A

migration across national boundaries

40
Q

internal migration

A

migration within nation boundaries

41
Q

natural increase

A

birth rate minus death rate

42
Q

population doubling time

A

the length of time for a population to double in size

43
Q

Countries with growth rates of 1% take…

A

70 years to double

44
Q

Countries ith growth rates of 2% take…

A

35 years to double

45
Q

What curve started in the 1950’s represents exponential growth

A

J-curve

46
Q

(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) Social

A

gender empowerment, attitudes abut family panning, contraception, marrying age and family size

47
Q

(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) cultural

A

religion/morality, ethnicity, values.attitudes, gender empowerment

48
Q

(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) political

A

government policies, gender empowerment, conflicts/war

49
Q

(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) economic

A

MDC/LDC, education level, employment opportunity, nutrition, health care, gender empowerment,

50
Q

Demographic transition model

A

describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change

51
Q

5 stages of demographic transition model

A 
Pre-industrialization
Developing countries (pop increase)
developing country (pop levels off)
developed country (pop stable)
developed country (pop decline)
52
Q

(causes of changing death rates) epidemiological transition

A

increase in population due to medical innovation causing a decrease in the death rate

53
Q

Stage 1- Pre-industrialization

A

birth rates are high and death rates are high- low pop growth

54
Q

Stage 2- Developing country

A

birth rates are high and death rates begin to drop- population increases

55
Q

Stage 3- Developing country

A

birth rates begin to drop and death rates drop- population levels off

56
Q

Stage 4- Developed Country

A

birth rates are low and death rates are low- population stabalizes

57
Q

Stage 5- Developed country

A

birth rates are very low and death rates are low- population declines

58
Q

(causes of changing death rates) Population explosion

A

the very great and continuing increase in human population in modern times

59
Q

(consequences of population change) Thomas Malthus (1798)

A

argued that the size and growth of a population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods AND when there is an insufficient supply of food, people die

60
Q

Pro-natalist population policies

A

policies that provide incentives for women to have children, typically in countries with declining populations

ap hug unit 1 vocab (2 decks)

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