Unit 2 (pt 1) Vocab Flashcards
Population distribution
the pattern of people scattered over an area
Population density
the number of people within a given area
World’s estimated population
7 billion
1/3 of the whole population is-
China (1.3 billion) and India (1.2 billion)
Where are the major population concentrations?
East Asia, Northeast America, South Asia, Western Europe
Where does 60% of the world’s population live?
Within 60 miles of the ocean
What do high populations have?
High soil fertility and mild climates
How is the world becoming more urban?
50% of the population is in urban areas
Human factors that influence population distribution
culture, economics, history, politics
Physical factors that influence population distribution
climate, land forms, water bodies
Ecumene
the habitable parts of the world
Factors the show population distribution vary by scale of analysis
eg. Migration- global regional national local
population density- name 3 methods
measure of total population relative to land size
- arithmetic
- physiologic
- agricultural
Arithmetic population density
measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area
Physiologic population density
measure the number of people per arable (farmable) land
agricultural population density
measure of the number of farmers per arable land
Political processes
more laws, greater power/influence
Economic processes
more jobs, higher tax base, increase in poverty
Social processes
more education, more health care, greater diversity (language/culture)
Pop. dis affect environment
deforestation, less spave/room, pollution, natural resource depletion
patterns of age and gender vary across scales
ratio global regional national local
population pyramids
provides a visual representation of a population in terms of age and sex as well as a good indication of the dependency ratio within a country and is used to assess population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods/services
Least developed countries (LDC) tend to…
have pop pyramids predicting rapid growth
More developed countries (MDC) tend to…
have pop pyramids stable or declining
rapid growth
distinguished by a wide base (pop pyramid)
stable/slow growth
characterized by a rectangular shape (pop pyramid)
declining/negative growth
the base is smaller that previous cohorts (pop pyramid)
disrupted growth
signifigant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict pop policies, or other drastic events (pop pyramid)
TFR
the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (15-49)
birth rate
nimber of live births in a single year for every 1000 people (in a pop)
replacement fertility level
2.1 (slightly higher than 2.0 to account for infant childhood mortality/childless women)
mortality (death) rate
number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people (in a population)
infant mortality rate
number of deaths during the 1st year of life (per 1000)
child mortality rate
number of deaths of between the ages of 1 and 5 (per 1000)
maternal mortality rate
number of deaths during or shortly after childbirth (per 100,000)
migration
involves a degree of permanence when moving to a new locale
emigration (out migration)
describes movement out of a particular place
immigration (in migration)
describes movement to a particular place
transitional migration
migration across national boundaries
internal migration
migration within nation boundaries
natural increase
birth rate minus death rate
population doubling time
the length of time for a population to double in size
Countries with growth rates of 1% take…
70 years to double
Countries ith growth rates of 2% take…
35 years to double
What curve started in the 1950’s represents exponential growth
J-curve
(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) Social
gender empowerment, attitudes abut family panning, contraception, marrying age and family size
(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) cultural
religion/morality, ethnicity, values.attitudes, gender empowerment
(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) political
government policies, gender empowerment, conflicts/war
(influence fertility, mortality, and migration) economic
MDC/LDC, education level, employment opportunity, nutrition, health care, gender empowerment,
Demographic transition model
describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change
5 stages of demographic transition model
Pre-industrialization Developing countries (pop increase) developing country (pop levels off) developed country (pop stable) developed country (pop decline)
(causes of changing death rates) epidemiological transition
increase in population due to medical innovation causing a decrease in the death rate
Stage 1- Pre-industrialization
birth rates are high and death rates are high- low pop growth
Stage 2- Developing country
birth rates are high and death rates begin to drop- population increases
Stage 3- Developing country
birth rates begin to drop and death rates drop- population levels off
Stage 4- Developed Country
birth rates are low and death rates are low- population stabalizes
Stage 5- Developed country
birth rates are very low and death rates are low- population declines
(causes of changing death rates) Population explosion
the very great and continuing increase in human population in modern times
(consequences of population change) Thomas Malthus (1798)
argued that the size and growth of a population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods AND when there is an insufficient supply of food, people die
Pro-natalist population policies
policies that provide incentives for women to have children, typically in countries with declining populations
