Unit 2- Population Flashcards
Population Pyramid
A graph that shows the distribution of a population by age and gender.
Demography
The statistical study if human populations.
Replacement Rate
The term given to a population with a fertility rate if 2.1 children.
Demographic Transition
A theory explaining population change over time, in which birth and death rates decline as economic and social development occur.
Pre-Transition
Population characterize by rural living, an economy dominated by agriculture, and high birth and death rates creating a stable population.
Post-Transition
Population characterize by urban-living, a service-based economy, and low birth and death rates creating a stable population.
Tax base
Portion of a population that pays taxes.
Infrastructure
Services provided a government, such as sewer and water pipes, or bridges and community clubs.
Bogue
Demographer who proposed that over time, a society will limit its population, such as china.
Catton
Demographic who introduced the concept of a carrying capacity based on resource availability.
Education
Often regarded as the best solution to demographic issues, such as high birth rates.
Demographic Trap
When a growing population consumes a large portion of a nation’s resources, thus preventing further demographic transition.
Birth Dearth
A lack of births in developed countries, which create social and economic impacts on society.
Illegal Immigration
Anyone who enters a country/remains in a country by unlawful means.
Totally Fertility Rate
Average number of children borne over the lifetime of a typical women in a particular county or how many children women are currently having.
Government Priorities
May have to reduce spending or increase taxes due to decrease in tax base.
Consumer Spending
Will likely decline as there are fewer people to purchase products.
Role of Economic Growth in Our Society
Based on demand by those who already enjoy certain levels of goods and services for additional goods and services and the demand of a growing population that had not yet enjoyed certain goods and services.
Environmental Demands
Declining population consumes less.
Slums of Despair
Extreme povertyeads to high rates of illness and infant deaths.
Slums of Hope
Provide affordable shelter.
Define IRPA
Immigration and Refugee Protection
Business Class
3 classes:
- Investor
- Entrepreneur
- Self-employed
Family Class Immigrants
Canadian citizens or people 18+ can sponsor relatives to become permeant residence.
Refugee Class
Needing protection for the fear of their country.
International Adoptees
Allowed to adopt children from different countries.
Provincial Nomination
Most provinces have an agreement to play direct role in selecting immigrants to settle in that province.
Skilled Worker
Six selection criteria. Points awarded in each category. - 4 years of experience 21 points - Education 25 points - Under languages 24 points - High School graduates without post-secondary 5 points
Pass mark- 75 points
Application fee- $975.00
Cornucopias
Believes the world can provide limitless of natural resources.
Maltus
He believed that the population is in a geometric sequence where the good will grow arithmetically.
Types of Migration
- Ecological Migration
- Voluntary Migration
- Involuntary Migration
- Illegal Migration
Ecological Migration
Movement from one place to another when something one depends upon for life disappears from or moves out of their environment.
Voluntary Migration
Movement of people of their own free will from one place to another.
Involuntary Migration
Movement of people against their will-persecution / fear of persecution.
Illegal Migration
Movement of people without the sanction (approval) of immigration laws.
Push Factors
- Low wages
- Shortage of food
Pull Factors
- High wages
- Employment opportunities
3D (Dirty, dangerous, and difficult)
Jobs that citizens often do not take because of the nature if the jobs and the low pay they come with.
Examples:
- Farm Labour
- Manufacturing Jobs
Refugee
One forced to leave home and travel to another country for fear of being killed.
IDP (Internally Displaced Person)
One forced to leave under same conditions as a refugee but they do not leave their country.
Asylum Seeker
Enter a country claiming to be refugees
What are the four stages of Demographic Transition?
- Pre-transition
- Early-transition
- Late-transition
- Post-transition
List 3 reasons you are less likely to have more kids than your ancestors:
- Education
- Contraception
- Financial (it’s expensive to raise a child)
