Unit 2: Perception

Question 1

Bottom up processing

Answer 1

Sensory receptors register information about the external environment & send it up to the brain for interpretation.

Question 2

Top-down processing

Answer 2

Guided by higher-level mental processes; based on experience and expectation.

Question 3

Schema

Answer 3

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Question 4

Selective attention

Answer 4

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Question 5

Cocktail party effect

Answer 5

The ability to focus our mental spotlight on a conversation even when other conversations are going on.

Question 6

Inattentional blindness

Answer 6

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 7

Change blindness

Answer 7

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

Question 8

Perceptual sets

Answer 8

To perceive one thing & not the other.

Question 9

Closure

Answer 9

We complete gaps to complete a whole object.

Question 10

Figure-ground

Answer 10

The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

Question 11

Proximity

Answer 11

Group objects that are close together as being part of the same group.

Question 12

Similarity

Answer 12

Objects similar in appearance are in the same group.

Question 13

Monocular cues

Answer 13

Depth cues available to either eye alone.

Question 14

Relative clarity

Answer 14

We perceive hazy objects as further away.

Question 15

Relative size

Answer 15

Assuming that two objects are the same size, we perceive the seemingly smaller object as further away.

Question 16

Linear perspective

Answer 16

Parallel lines seem to converge in the distance.

Question 17

Interposition

Answer 17

If one object blocks the view of another, we perceive it as closer.

Question 18

Texture gradient

Answer 18

As a textured surface recedes, the texture becomes less sharp.

Question 19

Perceptual constancies

Answer 19

Our ability and need to perceive objects as unchanging, even with changes of distance, perspective, and lighting.

Question 20

Apparent motion

Answer 20

Makes a stationary object appear to move.

Question 21

Binocular cues

Answer 21

Depth cues that depend on the use of both of the eyes.

Question 22

Convergence

Answer 22

Neuromuscular cue caused by the eyes moving inward to see near objects and outward to see far away objects.

Question 23

Retinal disparity

Answer 23

By comparing the images from the retina in two eyes. The greater the distance, the closer the object.