Unit 2 - People in business Flashcards
Motivation
is the reason why employees want to work hard and work e ectively for the business
Wage
is a payment for work, usually paid weekly
Time rate
is the amount paid to an employee for one
hour of work
Piece rate
is an amount paid for each unit of output
Salary
payment for work, usually paid monthly.
Bonus
is an additional amount of payment above basic
pay as a reward for good work
Commission
is payment relating to the number of sales made
Profi t sharing
is a system whereby a proportion of the
company’s pro ts are paid out to employees
Job satisfaction
is the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job
Job rotation
involves workers swapping around and
doing each speci c task for only a limited time and
then changing around again
Job enrichment
involves looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more and/or responsibility
Team-working
involves using groups of workers and allocating speci c tasks and responsibilities to them
Training
is the process of improving a worker’s skills
Promotion
is the advancement of an employee in an organisation, for example, to a higher job/managerial
level
Organisational structure
refers to the levels of
management and division of responsibilities within an
organisation
Organisational chart
refers to a diagram that outlines
the internal management structure
Hierarchy
refers to the levels of management in any
organisation, from the highest to the lowest.
A level of hierarchy
refers to managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation
Chain of command
is the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management
The span of control
is the number of subordinates working directly under a manger
Directors
are senior managers who lead a particular department or a division of a business
Line managers
have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation
Supervisors
are junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structure
Sta managers
are specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers.
Delegation
means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks
Leadership styles
are the di erent approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in apposition of authority - autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire
Autocratic leadership
is where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
Democratic leadership
gets other employees involved in the decision-making process
Laissez-faire
leadership makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work
Recruitment
process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business
Job analysis
identi es and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job
Job description
outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a speci c job
Job speci cation
is a document which outlines the requirements, quali cations, expertise, physical characteristics, etc., for a speci ed job
Internal recruitment
is when a vacancy is lled by someone who is an existing employee of the business
External recruitment
is when a vacancy is lled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business
induction training
is an introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business’s activities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers
On-the-job training
occurs by watching a more experienced worker doing the job
O ff-the-job training
involves being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainers.
Workforce planning
is establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required
Dismissal
is when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working according to the employment contract
Redundancy
is when the employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory
A contract of employment
is a legal agreement between an employer and an employee, listing the rights and responsibilities of workers
Communication
is the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who understands the message
A message
is the information or instructions being passed by the sender to the receiver
Internal communication
is communication between members of the same organisation
External communication
is communication between the organisation and other organisations or individuals
The transmitter or sender of the message
is the person starting o the process by sending the message
The medium of communication
is the method used to send a message, for example, a letter is a method of written communication and a meeting is a method of verbal communication
One-way communication
involves a message which
does not call for or require a response
Two-way communication
is when the receiver gives a
response to the message and there is a discussion
about it
Formal communication
is when messages are sent
through established channels using professional
language
Informal communication
is when information is sent
and received casually using everyday language
Communication barriers
are factors that stop e ective
communication of messages
