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Physics > Unit 2:Particles and Waves > Flashcards

Unit 2:Particles and Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is anti-matter?

A

material made of anti-quarks and anti-leptons. Each anti-matter equivalent has opposite charge but identical mass.

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2
Q

What is a baryon?

A

Particle made of 3 quarks.

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3
Q

What is a boson?

A

Force mediating particle.

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4
Q

What is a fermion?

A

Matter particle.

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5
Q

What is a hadron?

A

Particle made up of quarks.

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6
Q

What is a lepton?

A

Light particle.

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7
Q

What is a meson?

A

Particle made of 2 quarks.

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8
Q

What is a quark?

A

A fundamental particle that makes up hadrons.

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9
Q

What types of quarks are there?

A

Up, down, top, bottom, charm, strange.

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10
Q

What type of leptons are there?

A

Electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino.

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11
Q

What is “lost mass”?

A

Converted into kinetic energy of the products in accordance with Einstein’s equation.

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12
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

Radioactive decay. Releases a particle made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

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13
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

Radioactive decay. A neutron in an isotope decays to become a proton releasing an electron and a neutrino.

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14
Q

What is a gamma particle?

A

Phoons of electromagnetic energy released by a nucleus.

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15
Q

What is fission?

A

Splitting of the nucleus into 2 smaller nuclei.

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16
Q

What is fusion?

A

Joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus.

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17
Q

What is an induced reaction?

A

Caused to happen. Neutron addition.

18
Q

What is a spontaneous reaction?

A

Naturally occurs. Isotope decay.

19
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons.

20
Q

What is a coherent wave?

A

Same speed, wavelength and frequency and are in a constant phase relationship.

21
Q

What is diffraction?

A

Spreading of waves passing an edge or through a narrow aperture.

22
Q

What is a grating?

A

Sheet of transparent material with fine lines etched into it to produce diffraction each gap in the grating acts as a coherent source.

23
Q

What is a path difference?

A

Difference in distance from one source to a point and the other source to the point.

24
Q

What is meant by the term “phase”?

A

Relative position of a wave.

25
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

The angle of incidence in the material that causes a ray of light to refract at 90’.

26
Q

What is refraction?

A

A wave changes speed, wavelength and direction as it moves from one material to another.

27
Q

What is the refractive index?

A

The ratio of speed in air to the speed in the material.

28
Q

What is optical density?

A

Wave goes from a less dense material to a more dense material and decreases its velocity.

29
Q

What is an electric field pattern?

A

A pattern of lines around a charged object, the lines indicate the direction a proton will move in the field.

30
Q

What is a particle accelerator?

A

A large machine used to accelerate particles to high speeds by colliding them together.

31
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Number of joules per coulomb. Voltage between two points.

32
Q

What is Planck’s constant?

A

Constant of proportionality between the energy of a photon and its frequency.

33
Q

What is the point source?

A

Light from a point spreads out evenly in all directions.

34
Q

What is threshold frequency?

A

Minimum frequency of a photon which causes electron emission.

35
Q

What is work function?

A

Minimum energy required to eject an electron from its parent atom.

36
Q

What is ground state?

A

Lowest permitted energy level.

37
Q

What is an ionisation level?

A

Energy level at which an electron escapes from the electric field of the nucleus.

38
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

Electrons are emitted from solids, liquids or gases when they absorb energy from light.

39
Q

What is a photo-electron?

A

Electron ejects from a material by photoelectric effect.

40
Q

What is the absorption spectra?

A

Black lines in a continuous spectrum cause when the vapour of an element absorbs particular photons of light.

41
Q

What is Bohr’s model?

A

Model of the atom with a central positive nucleus and electrons in definite energy levels surrounding it.

Physics (3 decks)

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