Unit 2 part 1 vocab Flashcards
Puritan
was a part of the Anglican church but wanted to “purify” it
Bacons Rebellion
a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the Virginia government because William Berkeley was giving the Natives too much land and lower class had no rights
Characteristics of Spanish Colonization
-encomienda
-mined for gold and silver
-caste system
-treated natives horribly
-wanted to convert everyone
Characteristics of French Colonization
- wanted to find water route to asia
-colonized Canada area - trade>conquest
- french married native women to build trade access
-saw natives as trade partners
Characteristics of Dutch Colonization
- economic goals
-did not want to convert natives
Characteristics of British Colonization
- came to settle
- expelled Natives out of land
-coexisted with natives for a little bit - democratic
Individual British motivations of moving to New world
-religious freedom
-escape absolute monarchy
- job oppertunities
-increased wealth
Government British motivations of moving to New World
- mercantilism
- expanded military
- spread Christianity
-get rid of people against Catholicism
Joint-stock Company
pool of investors put money together and shared risk of adventure (privately funded)
Jamestown
- first British colony
-funded by joint stock company - disease and famine killed wiped out town in first 2 years
-indentured servants did labor - began tobacco growth
effects of Bacon’s rebellion
-Jamestown was destroyed
-african slaves were brought because the British feared indentured servants
Characteristics of New England Colonies
- founded by pilgrims/ puritans
- came for religious freedom
-came to settle w/ families - built society based on agriculture and commerce
British West Indies (Caribbean)
- based on agriculture due to climate
- tobacco and sugar = $$$
- lots of african slaves
-chattel slavery/black codes
-SUGAR PLANTATIONS
Chattel Slavery
slaves are seen as property that can be bought and sold
House of Burgesses
representative assembly in Virginia (local authority)
Mayflower Compact
- congregational church participated in town meetings
Who dominated each colony?
The elite/ upper class
(ex. merchants, planters)
King Phillips War
British came too far onto Native land so Metacom (chief of Wampanoag) attacked the British
the british fought back and won with the help of other native tribes (Mohawk)
Reasons for increased African slaves
- shortage of Indentured servants
-increased need for labor to produce more agricultural goods
-fear of indentured servant revolt
-profit from slaves
Indentured Servants
people who paid of the debt of travel to america, by working as laborers for a few years
Where were there the most african slaves?
-The further south the more slaves
(new england=not many)
(british west indies= A LOT)
Mercantilism
competition for land
(land=resources=money=power)
Pequot War
puritans attacked natives in eastern Connecticut because of land disputes and ended up wiping out the tribe
Missionaries
people sent out on a mission of converting people to Christianity
Anne Hutchinson
A dissenter in New England because she challenged religious authority and expressed her own interpretations of the bible (she was kicked out of the colony)
Rodger Williams
believed in separation of church and state and got kicked out because he was a dissenter so he created Rhode Island with religious freedom
Quakers
a group from Pennsylvanian (led by William Penn) were scared of punishment by god. They believed in equality and refused to have their own military and a form of government with authority.
Praying towns
towns in New England where native Americans were encouraged to convert to Christianity
Protestantism (Calvinist)
puritans and separatists ( a branch of the Anglican church)
Navigation Acts
colonies exist to serve England so the colonies can only export to England
Rhode Island
a place created by Rodger Williams where people who want religious freedom can go
Uprising of 1622 (Powhatan War)
Algonquin attacked english because of land disputes (killed 1/3 of population) 10 year war followed it
Headright system
established by Virginia Company to increase immigration pay for indentured servants
Motivation=get funds for more indentured servants for colony
Investors who funded travel for IS would get land in the New World
Great Charter of 1619
allowed Virginia company to pay off debt by using land (headright system)
any wealthy people would get political influence
Halfway Convent
allowed baptized adults to baptize their kids even if they had not converted (puritans became less strict about religion) in New England
Beaver Wars
a series of conflicts between Native Americans and British about control of fur trade. Negative impacts on natives
Maryland Toleration Act
a law in Maryland that allowed religious freedom for all Christians to practice whatever they wanted without fear of persecution
“city upon a hill”
used to describe the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world (john winthrop)
Iroquois
involved in fur trade and made alliances with European powers which made conflicts with other tribes
Squanto
helped pilgrims survive in the early years of plymouth
John Winthrop
Puritan leader of Massachusetts Bay colony in the 17th century
William Berkley
governor of Virginia during bacon’s rebellion (favored wealthy elite)
William Penn
founded Pennsylvania as a haven for religious freedom and equality (Quaker)
Slave codes
laws that restricted slaves and denied them basic rights
