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Honors World History > Unit 2- Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2- Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mecca

A

The Bedouin’s main trade center and home of the Ka’aba, their most important temple.

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2
Q

Ka’aba

A

The home of a very rare black stone, a Jinn is said to live in it. You must travel their once in your life to be considered a good follower.

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3
Q

Muhammed

A

A trader and business manager. Went all over the place which allowed him to learn different cultures. More importantly learned about Christianity and monotheism.

He believed he was visited by the Angel Gabriel who told him the last and fullest revelation

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4
Q

Are people supposed to make symbols of Muhammed? How is Muhammad pictured when drawn easier on.

A

No, it was seen as disrespectful. He was drawn without a face.

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5
Q

Muhammad beginning to preach in Mecca and the Hegira

A

He began his teachings in Mecca which was a bad idea because that is the center of Jinn worship and the Jinn’s most important religious city.

This caused. The Hegira, a fight to broke out because of Muhammad preaching in Mecca.

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6
Q

Where did Muhammad flee when the Hegira broke out? Was he successful there?

A

Medina. Was very successful; became politically powerful and gained followers, forming an army of believers.

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7
Q

Islam

A

Surrender to God

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8
Q

Muslim

A

The Surrendering ones

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9
Q

When Muhammad became powerful over many, including many, what happened?

A

The Ka’aba became Islam’s holiest location, stripped of Jinn idols. The story Islam believed about it was; in the beginning, the Ka’aba was built by Adam and Eve as a temple for God but they fell away from God and the temple vanished, then Abraham and his son Ishmael rebuilt it for God after they established a covenant however over time it became a temple for false gods (the Jinn) then Muhammad cleansed it and gave it back to God.

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10
Q

Koran

A

Islam’s holy book

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11
Q

Koran=Recitation, why?

A

They believed it was the direct word of God

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12
Q

the Caliph that ordered the creation of the Koran

A

Abu Bakr

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13
Q

Layout of Koran, and why the language it was written in?

A

114 Suras, longest to shortest. In Arabic because it was considered the only holy language, and the only language allowed for worship.

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14
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A 
Shahada 
Prayer
Alms
Fasting 
The Hajj
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15
Q

Shahada

A

I testify there is no God but God and Muhammad is his prosthet

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16
Q

Prayer

A

5 times a day on your prayer rug, and prayed towards Mecca

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17
Q

Alms

A

giving of wealth and service to the needy

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18
Q

Fasting

A

Ramadan- Islam’s holy month, can not eat from sunrise to sunset for 30 days

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19
Q

The Hajj

A

The pilgrimage to Mecca

must do it once in your life, ritual visits to Islam’s holiest sites

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20
Q

Mosque

A

Islamic centers of worship

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21
Q

3 reasons why Muslims conquered so much quickly

A
  1. ) resistance was weak
  2. ) over population- people were eager to get out and travel to new land
  3. ) zeal- People were willing to fight at all costs for God, because they were promised immediate entry into heaven
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22
Q

Jihad

A

Islamic term for holy war

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23
Q

3 choices people were given who were conquered by Muslims

A
  1. ) convert to their faith
  2. ) pay a tax
  3. ) die
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24
Q

Caliphate

A

political and religious leaders

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25
Q

The Orthodox Caliphate

A

The first Caliphs, knew Muhammed.

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26
Q

Abu Bakr

A

First caliph

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27
Q

Ali

A

last orthodox caliph

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28
Q

Umayyed Caliphate

A

Rose to power by killing Muhammad’s grandson Husayn

29
Q

Shi’ites

A

believed Ali was the first true Caliphate and Husayn was the heir.

strongest in Iraq

30
Q

Sunnis

A

accepted the caliphs historical progression.

the majority

31
Q

Persians join per with Shi’ites why

A

Persians wanted equality and status, and shi’ites never accepted Umayyed

32
Q

House of wisdom

A

massive library in Baghdad

33
Q

Importance of Muslim scholars converting Greek and Latin texts

A

we would’ve lost a lot of Greek and latin history

34
Q

Alchemy

A

Making of potions, main goals was to make materials gold. paved the way for modern chemistry and cured and treated disease

35
Q

Astrolabe

A

a tool for navigating at sea, uses the stars

36
Q

Al Jabr

A

bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity:Algebra. used Arabic symbols

37
Q

Arabic numerals

A

our number system, first to have the concept of 0

38
Q

Famous work of Islamic literature

A

Arabian nights: folk tales

ex: Aladdin

39
Q

the Turks

A

a group who took over the Islamic empire in 1000 AD

40
Q

why did tensions grow between Christians and Muslims

A

religion, trade, and control of land and resources

41
Q

what did people in the Byzantine empire call themselves?

A

Roman

42
Q

similarities and differences of Byzantine and Rome

A

similarities: Christianity, and emperor who ad total power and was a political and religious leader, believed they were the rightful heirs to all of Rome’s former land
differences: Greek was dominant, began to separate from the bishop of Rome, more eastern/Asian influences, urban, and they develop their own political, cultural and religious identity

43
Q

Justinian’s 3 goals

A
  1. ) reconquer lost roman lands
  2. ) compile and simplify the law
  3. ) build Constantinople into a worldly capital
44
Q

does he accomplish his goals

A

short term success and long term failure. built Constantinople into a worldly capital, he conquered a lot of Rome’s former land but he would lose it after his death and the population at its height was 40,000 when Rome’s was 1,000,000. also the city of Rome was destroyed

45
Q

Renovatio Imperii

A

the recovering of the empire

46
Q

codex

A

5,000 laws from Rome that were sorted and selected. simplified

47
Q

digest

A

50 volumes of legal thought from Rome’s great legal thinkers

48
Q

institutes

A

text book for law students

49
Q

Impact of the new law code

A

900 years of enforcement in the Byzantine empire empire and formed the basis for most modern law codes in Europe

50
Q

Constantinople,

A

the city

51
Q

2 criteria for living in Constantinople

A
  1. ) had to be Christian

2. ) had to speak Greek

52
Q

Constantinople

A

A moat, an archer wall, a wall 27 feet tall, and then their main wall standing at 70 feet

53
Q

importance of the market

A

got goods from all corners of the known world daily, cultures interacted as huge a month of money came in, and the secret of silk was discovered

54
Q

how was silk stolen from China

A

two men dressed as monks and had hallow canes in case they found anything, and when they discovered that silk worms made silk, the put some in their canes and gave the mulberry leaves to eat

55
Q

marvels of the imperial palace

A

garden full of fountains and exotic birds, pineapple shaped fountains with wine for parties, and a golden path leading to a golden throne

56
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

“Holy Wisdom” largest roofed building in the world upon completion in 534

57
Q

Ironclasts

A

anti icon, led to bloody riots and disrupted the empire

58
Q

preservers

A

pro icon

59
Q

Pope’s role

A

he was pro icon, and excommunicated Byzantine empire for being antI icon

60
Q

out come from con crisis

A

Byzantine officials finally accepted icons and Ironclasts became heretics

61
Q

how did the east church and the west church differ

A

the east : had mass in the vernacular, priests could marry, and they rejected the superiority and infallibility of the pope. also believed the patriarch was equal

62
Q

1054

A

the schism “excommunication party”

63
Q

what two branches of Christianity formed from the schism

A

Roman Catholic and orthodox

64
Q

Prince Vladimir

A

converted Slavs to Christianity in 900 AD

65
Q

Impact of Prince Vladimir’s decision to convert Slavs to Christianity

A

it aligned itself with eastern culture, and avoided Western Europe

66
Q

Kiev

A

original capital of Rus

67
Q

3 parts of Russian history that came early on

A
  1. ) Slavic in language
  2. ) Byzantine style
  3. ) isolated from Western Europe
68
Q

The Bedouin

A

Nomads that adapted to desert life, believed in Jinn, many gods based on nature. Had holidays and Pilgrimages in their honor.

Honors World History (2 decks)

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