Unit 2 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
If a chain has \_\_\_ carbons, what does its name have? 1C --> 2C --> 3C --> 4C--> 5C--> 6C--> 7C--> 8C--> 9C--> 10C-->
1C --> meth 2C --> eth 3C --> prop 4C--> but 5C--> pent 6C--> hex 7C--> hept 8C--> oct 9C--> non 10C--> dec
What is an organic compound?
a compound that contains carbon. Note: a few exceptions are polyatomic ions that contain carbon (for ex. carbonates, carbides, and cyanides), CO and CO2
Which of the following are organic compounds? CCl4 NaCN LiF H2 C2H6 CO2 CH4 H2O
CCl4, CH4 and C2H6 are organic
What is an alkane?
an organic compound that only has carbon-hydrogen single bonds (C-H), not double or triple C-H bonds
What is an alkene?
an organic compound that has a carbon-hydrogen double bond (C=H)
What is an alkyne?
an organic compound that has a carbon-hydrogen triple bond
What is a saturated compound?
a saturated compound only has C-H single bonds (i.e. alkanes). Note: saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature (ex. butter, coconut oil)
What is an unsaturated compound?
an unsaturated compound has C-H double or triple bonds (i.e. alkenes, alkynes). Note: unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature (ex. olive oil)
What is a cyclic compound?
a compound that has a ring in it (ex. cyclobutane)
What is an aromatic compound?
a compound that has a benzene in it. Note: the name “aromatic compounds” was chosen as compounds with benzene in their structure tend to have a scent (ex. cinnamonaldehyde, vanillin, limonene)
What is a halogenated compound?
a halogenated compound has fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine in it (group 17 on the periodic table)
What is an alcohol?
a compound with an “OH” group in it ex. methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH)
What is a carboxylic acid?
a compound with a “COOH” group in it. ex. methanioc acid (HCOOH), ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
What is an ester?
a compound with COO group in the middle of it. ex. methyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH3), ex. propyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH2CH2CH3)
What are structural isomers?
compounds that have the same chemical formula but are connected differently
What is an aliphatic compound?
a compound without a benzene ring (i.e. NOT aromatic)
What is fractional distillation?
separating a mixture based on boiling points
What is solvent extraction?
rinsing with a solvent appropriate (i.e. non polar solvent for a non polar component or polar solvent for a polar component) can remove things.
Takeaway: use oil to extract a non polar compound, use water to extract a polar or salty compound
What is an addition reaction?
two reactants form one product
What is an elimination reaction?
one reactant forms two products
What is a substitution reaction?
two reactions form two products (something gets swapped from each reactant)
What is an esterification reaction?
reaction that makes an ester (a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to make an ester and water)
What is a combustion reaction?
a compound reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water (if the compound has carbon and hydrogen in it). Always exothermic!
What is a polymer?
a long chain of repeating units (monomers)
ex. DNA, polythene, polystyrene, rubber, protein (amino acids repeating)
note: a chemical structure for a polymer likely has brackets and a little “n” to mean many
What influences boiling points?
-larger molecules have higher boiling points and more polar molecules have higher boiling points
Which compound would you expect to have the higher boiling point:
ethane or decane
decade because its a larger molecule
What is the relative polarity of:
- a hydrocarbon (only has carbon and hydrogen in it)
- alcohol
- ester
- halogenated hydrocarbon
- carboxylic acid
hydrocarbon: non polar
alcohol: very polar
ester: slightly polar
halogenated hydrocarbon: slight polar
carboxylic acid: very polar
Which is more polar?
ethanol or heptanol
ethanol because it has a shorter carbon chain (the carbon chain is not polar but the OH is)
Which would have a higher boiling point?
ethane or ethanol
ethanol because it is polar and ethane isn’t
H2C=CH2 + H2 --> H3C-CH3 What type of reaction is this? a. elimination b. addition c. substitution d. esterification e. combustion
b. addition
propanoic acid + methanol --> methyl propanoate + water What type of reaction is this? a. elimination b. addition c. substitution d. esterification e. combustion
d. esterification
C3H8 + 5O2 –> 3CO2 + 4H2OWhat type of reaction is this?
a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion
e. combustion
H3CCH2OH --> H2C=CH2 + H2O What type of reaction is this? a. elimination b. addition c. substitution d. esterification e. combustion
a. elimination
H3CCH3 + F2 --> H2FCCH3 + HF What type of reaction is this? a. elimination b. addition c. substitution d. esterification e. combustion
c. substitution
What is a hydrocarbon?
a compound with only carbon and hydrogen in it
What is the “carboxylic group”?
COOH (carboxylic acid)
