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Chem 30 > Unit 2 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 2 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q 
If a chain has \_\_\_ carbons, what does its name have?
1C -->
2C -->
3C -->
4C-->
5C-->
6C-->
7C-->
8C-->
9C-->
10C-->
A 
1C --> meth
2C --> eth
3C --> prop
4C--> but
5C--> pent
6C--> hex
7C--> hept
8C--> oct
9C--> non
10C--> dec
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2
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

a compound that contains carbon. Note: a few exceptions are polyatomic ions that contain carbon (for ex. carbonates, carbides, and cyanides), CO and CO2

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3
Q 
Which of the following are organic compounds?
CCl4
NaCN
LiF
H2
C2H6
CO2
CH4
H2O
A

CCl4, CH4 and C2H6 are organic

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4
Q

What is an alkane?

A

an organic compound that only has carbon-hydrogen single bonds (C-H), not double or triple C-H bonds

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5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

an organic compound that has a carbon-hydrogen double bond (C=H)

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6
Q

What is an alkyne?

A

an organic compound that has a carbon-hydrogen triple bond

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7
Q

What is a saturated compound?

A

a saturated compound only has C-H single bonds (i.e. alkanes). Note: saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature (ex. butter, coconut oil)

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8
Q

What is an unsaturated compound?

A

an unsaturated compound has C-H double or triple bonds (i.e. alkenes, alkynes). Note: unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature (ex. olive oil)

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9
Q

What is a cyclic compound?

A

a compound that has a ring in it (ex. cyclobutane)

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10
Q

What is an aromatic compound?

A

a compound that has a benzene in it. Note: the name “aromatic compounds” was chosen as compounds with benzene in their structure tend to have a scent (ex. cinnamonaldehyde, vanillin, limonene)

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11
Q

What is a halogenated compound?

A

a halogenated compound has fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine in it (group 17 on the periodic table)

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12
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

a compound with an “OH” group in it ex. methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH)

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13
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

a compound with a “COOH” group in it. ex. methanioc acid (HCOOH), ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

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14
Q

What is an ester?

A

a compound with COO group in the middle of it. ex. methyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH3), ex. propyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH2CH2CH3)

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15
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

compounds that have the same chemical formula but are connected differently

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16
Q

What is an aliphatic compound?

A

a compound without a benzene ring (i.e. NOT aromatic)

17
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

separating a mixture based on boiling points

18
Q

What is solvent extraction?

A

rinsing with a solvent appropriate (i.e. non polar solvent for a non polar component or polar solvent for a polar component) can remove things.
Takeaway: use oil to extract a non polar compound, use water to extract a polar or salty compound

19
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

two reactants form one product

20
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

one reactant forms two products

21
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

two reactions form two products (something gets swapped from each reactant)

22
Q

What is an esterification reaction?

A

reaction that makes an ester (a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to make an ester and water)

23
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

a compound reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water (if the compound has carbon and hydrogen in it). Always exothermic!

24
Q

What is a polymer?

A

a long chain of repeating units (monomers)

ex. DNA, polythene, polystyrene, rubber, protein (amino acids repeating)
note: a chemical structure for a polymer likely has brackets and a little “n” to mean many

25
Q

What influences boiling points?

A

-larger molecules have higher boiling points and more polar molecules have higher boiling points

26
Q

Which compound would you expect to have the higher boiling point:
ethane or decane

A

decade because its a larger molecule

27
Q

What is the relative polarity of:

  • a hydrocarbon (only has carbon and hydrogen in it)
  • alcohol
  • ester
  • halogenated hydrocarbon
  • carboxylic acid
A

hydrocarbon: non polar
alcohol: very polar
ester: slightly polar
halogenated hydrocarbon: slight polar
carboxylic acid: very polar

28
Q

Which is more polar?

ethanol or heptanol

A

ethanol because it has a shorter carbon chain (the carbon chain is not polar but the OH is)

29
Q

Which would have a higher boiling point?

ethane or ethanol

A

ethanol because it is polar and ethane isn’t

30
Q 
H2C=CH2 + H2 --> H3C-CH3
What type of reaction is this?
a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion
A

b. addition

31
Q 
propanoic acid + methanol --> methyl propanoate + water
What type of reaction is this?
a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion
A

d. esterification

32
Q

C3H8 + 5O2 –> 3CO2 + 4H2OWhat type of reaction is this?

a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion

A

e. combustion

33
Q 
H3CCH2OH --> H2C=CH2 + H2O
What type of reaction is this?
a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion
A

a. elimination

34
Q 
H3CCH3 + F2 --> H2FCCH3 + HF
What type of reaction is this?
a. elimination
b. addition
c. substitution
d. esterification
e. combustion
A

c. substitution

35
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

a compound with only carbon and hydrogen in it

36
Q

What is the “carboxylic group”?

A

COOH (carboxylic acid)

Chem 30 (7 decks)

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