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Science (Gr. 10) > Unit 2 - Optics and Light (Part 1) > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Optics and Light (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

A few light characteristics include:

A
  • Light travels in straight lines
  • Does not require a medium
  • Light is a type of electromagnetic wave
  • Light is transferred through a process called radiation
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2
Q

Medium -

A

Any physical substance through which energy can be transferred

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3
Q

Radiation -

A

A method of energy transfer that does not require a medium; the energy travels at the speed of light

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4
Q

Electromagnetic wave -

A

A wave that has both electric and magnetic parts, does not require a medium, and travels at the speed of light

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5
Q

Visible light -

A

Electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect

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6
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from left to right?

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-ray, gamma rays

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7
Q

Examples of radio waves:

A
  • cell phones

- tv signals

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8
Q

Examples of microwaves:

A
  • microwave oven

- telecommuications

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9
Q

Examples of infrared light:

A
  • remote control

- food warmers

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10
Q

Examples of visible light:

A
  • visible laser

- human vision

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11
Q

Examples of ultraviolet light:

A
  • causes sunburns

- water disinfectants

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12
Q

Examples of X-rays:

A
  • metal imaging

- astronomy

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13
Q

Examples of gamma rays:

A
  • cancer treatments
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14
Q

Visible spectrum -

A

The continuous sequence of colours that make up white light

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15
Q

Incandescence -

A

The production of light as a result of high temperature (eg. incandescent lightbulbs, stove) Type of energy transformation: various sources, heat energy, light

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16
Q

Electric discharge –

A

The process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas (eg. Lightning, lit neon sign) Type of energy transformation: Electric energy, light energy

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17
Q

Phosphorescence -

A

The process of producing light by the absorption of ultraviolet light resulting in the emission of visible light over an extended period of time (eg. Glow-in-the-dark toys) Type of energy transformation: ultraviolet light, visible light (delayed)

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18
Q

Florescence –

A

The immediate emission of visible light as a result of the absorption of ultraviolet light (eg. Fluorescent light, highlighter) Type of energy transformation: ultraviolet light, visible light (right away)

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19
Q

Chemiluminescence -

A

The direct production of light as the result of a chemical reaction with little/no heat (eg. Glow stick) Type of energy transformation: Chemical energy, light energy

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20
Q

Bioluminescence –

A

The production of light in living organisms as the result of a chemical reaction with little/no heat (eg. Firefly, living organisms) Type of energy transformation: Energy, light

21
Q

Triboluminescence –

A

The production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing, or rubbing certain materials (eg. Rubbing 2 quartz crystals together)

22
Q

LED -

A

Light produced as a result of an electric current flowing in semiconductors (eg. Christmas lights) Type of energy transformation: Electric energy, light energy

23
Q

Luminous object –

A

Produces its own light (eg. Flashlight, candle, sun)

24
Q

Non-luminous object –

A

Does not produce light, but it can reflect light from other sources (eg. Pencil, book, moon)

25
Q

Geometric optics:

A

The use of light rays to determine how light behaves when it strikes objects

26
Q

Image –

A

A reproduction of an object through the use of light

27
Q

What are the 5 scientific symbols for a plane mirror?

A 
I = incident ray
Øi = angle of incedence
N = the normal 
R = reflected ray
Ør = angle of reflection
28
Q

Laws of reflection:

A
  1. The angle of incedence = angle of reflection

2. The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal line all lie in the same place

29
Q

Specular reflection:

A

Reflection of light off a smooth surface where incident and reflected rays are parallel

30
Q

Diffuse reflection:

A

Reflection of light off an irregular or dull surface where incident rays are parallel but, reflected rays are not (appear scattered)

31
Q

Real image:

A

Rays of light come together to make an image

32
Q

Virtual image:

A

No rays of light at image location, it only appears that rays of light come from the image

33
Q

Salt

A

Size of image (is the image bigger/smaller/same size as the object? Also can be measured)

34
Q

sAlt

A

Attitude (is the image upright/right or inverted/upside down compared to the object)

35
Q

saLt

A

Location (where is the image in relation to the object and the mirror/lens? Eg. Same or opposite side/how far? )

36
Q

salT

A

Type (is the image real or virtual)

37
Q

Describe which end of the electromagnetic spectrum has more energy:

A

The further right down the electromagnetic spectrum, the more energy the colours are. Eg. Blue has more energy than orange

38
Q

Locations images in a plane mirror:

A
  1. Images and plane mirrors are located at the point where the backward extensions of reflected rays intersect
  2. The image is the same size as the actual object, image is upright but reversed, image appears behind the mirror, equal distance from the mirrors as the object, images is virtual
  3. Two ways to locate the image
39
Q

Centre of curvature –

A

The centre of the sphere whose surface has been used to make the mirror

40
Q

Principal axis –

A

The line through the centre of curvature to the midpoint of the mirror

41
Q

Vertex –

A

The point where the principal axis meets the mirror

42
Q

Focus -

A

The point at which light rays are parallel to the principal axis, and converge when they are reflected off a converge mirror

43
Q

List some differences between virtual and real images:

A
  • Real images appear inverted, virtual images appear right
  • Real images can be obtained on a screen, virtual images cannot be seen on a screen
  • In case of mirrors, real image lies in front while virtual image lies behind the mirror
  • In case of lenses, real image lies on the other side of the object whereas virtual image lies on the same side of the object
44
Q

Refraction -

A

When light hits an object and it is refracted, this means light goes through it, but is bent

45
Q

Reflection -

A

When light hits an object it can be reflected, meaning light bounces back

46
Q

Absorbed -

A

When light hits an object and it is absorbed, light is “taken in” and converted to other energy types

47
Q

Concave mirror –

A

A mirror with a curved reflecting surface, concave means the mirror is bulging inward (converging)

48
Q

Convex mirror –

A

A mirror with a curved reflecting surface. Convex means the mirror is bulging outwards (diverging)

Science (Gr. 10) (3 decks)

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