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Intro to Hardware Technology > Unit 2 Operating Systems and Software > Flashcards

Unit 2 Operating Systems and Software Flashcards

1
Q

Operating system (OS)

A

The primary software that runs applications and manages all the hardware, memory, and other software on a computer.

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2
Q

Software

A

A set of computer instructions that tells the computer how to work.

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3
Q

Workstation OS

A

Most commonly used on a desktop or laptop computer and can perform many tasks without an internet connection.

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4
Q

Mobile OS

A

An operating system used on mobile devices, such as a mobile phone or tablet.

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5
Q

Server OS

A

Used on specialized computers that take in requests and send back a response (mail server, web server, etc).

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6
Q

Embedded OS

A

Will only perform one type of task and are used in machines such as an ATM or a GPS system.

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7
Q

Firmware

A

An operating system that is permanently etched into a hardware device such as a keyboard or a video card.

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8
Q

Hypervisor

A

Operating systems that are most commonly used to run multiple operating systems on a computer system at the same time.

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9
Q

Linux

A

An open-source and community-developed operating system.

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10
Q

Apple Macintosh (macOS)

A

An operating system that uses a graphical user interface designed by Apple Inc. for use on desktops and laptops.

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11
Q

Microsoft Windows

A

An operating system that uses a graphical user interface designed by Microsoft for use on desktops and laptops.

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12
Q

File system

A

A method of organizing files and retrieving them from storage.

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13
Q

File management

A

Software that manages data and files along with the ability to create, modify, and move these files.

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14
Q

GUI (graphical user interface)

A

A type of interface that uses interactive graphical elements such as windows, buttons, and icons.

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15
Q

File extension

A

The suffix at the end of a filename that indicates what the type of file.

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16
Q

Processor

A

The electronic part of a computer that executes the instructions that are passed to it by the operating system. It’s also called a CPU, or central processing unit.

17
Q

Platform

A

An operating system such as Windows, Mac OS, Android or iOS.

18
Q

Single-platform software

A

Software that only works on one platform, such as only on Android phones, or only on Mac computers.

19
Q

Cross-platform software

A

Software that works on multiple platforms.

20
Q

Software license

A

Legally binding guidelines for use and distribution of software.

21
Q

Open source software

A

Software that is available for anyone to access and modify.

22
Q

Proprietary software

A

Software that is owned by an individual or company.

23
Q

Application architecture model

A

Refers to the design of the essential parts of an application and how they are connected to each other.

24
Q

Locally installed software

A

Software installation that is performed on your local computer.

25
Q

Local network hosted

A

Software installation that is performed on a local area network (LAN).

26
Q

Cloud hosted

A

Software that is installed, hosted and accessed entirely from a remote server or location.

27
Q

Algorithm

A

An algorithm is a set of steps or rules to follow to solve a particular problem.

28
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

A computer system able to perform tasks that ordinarily require human intelligence

29
Q

Human Intelligence

A

The ability to perceive and interpret information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied in the correct context

30
Q

Strong Artificial Intelligence

A

A machine that is able to apply intelligence to any problem and could act and behave like humans.

31
Q

Natural Language Processor

A

An algorithm that takes voice input and translates it into text.

32
Q

Weak Artificial Intelligence

A

A machine that is able to apply intelligence to a single problem

33
Q

Ethics

A

The moral principle that governs a person’s behavior.

34
Q

Algorithmic Bias

A

The systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes.

Intro to Hardware Technology (2 decks)

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