Unit 2: Networks of Exchange Flashcards
What are 3 technologies created circa 1200-1450 aiding the development of the Silk Roads
Caravanserai - Stops along silk roads - centers for cultural exchange as well as trade - spread many religions and ideals
Paper Money - Created by Chinese - Faster and easier way to transport wealth across silk road than silver
Bills of Exchange - Similar to paper money but only IOU’s - exchanged for money at banking house
What was the majority of things traded along Silk Road
Luxury goods (sugar, gold, porcelain, silk)
What are some trading cities that grew as a result of the Silk Roads
Kashgar and Samarkand
How did the Mongols survive before their conquest
They were pastoralists and used horses and bows to hunt
How did the Mongols conquer
Mongols would attempt to negotiate peace but then if they don’t comply, show no mercy and attack
What did Genghis Khan do
He unified the Mongols and led them to conquer most of AfroEurasia
What were the 4 Khanates
Ilkhanate, Golden Horde, Great Khanate (Yuan Dynasty), Chaghatai Dynasty
Where was the Ilkhanate
Middle East Abbasid Caliphate
How did the Ilkhanate conquer
Mongols captured Baghdad and cut off Abbasid Caliphate
Where is the Golden Horde
Controlled present day Russia and Ukraine
Why did Russia Industrialize later
The Golden Horde was one of the longest Mongol ruled state in history
How did the Mongols affect China
Yuan Dynasty brought peace and stability to China - centralized Chinese government, introduced tech such as paper money, compass, and protected silk roads
What was the Chagatai Khanate
Origin of Mongols and no change in culture because the same people have lived there for a while
Define the Pax Mongolica
Time of peace of the Mongols which protected Silk Roads and developed nations further
Describe 3 technologies developed for maritime trade
Lateen Sails - easier, faster transportation with better ship control
Astrolabe - Showed latitude / longitude
Magnetic Compass - Gave sailors sense of directions developed in China
Stern Rudder - Controlled ships better
What were 4 things traded across Trans-Saharan Trade route
Gold, Ivory, Salt, Enslaved people
Who was Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali, super wealthy, went on hajj and displayed wealth to many people
Describe 2 technologies used on the Trans-Saharan Trade Route
Camel Saddles - increased comfort and can carry much more goods and equipment along route
Caravans - Groups of people traveling together - protected against bandits and other dangers
What are the major religions that spread along trade routes and where did they spread to
Buddhism -> East + S.E. Asia
Hinduism -> S.E. Asia
Islam -> Africa and Asia
Who was Xuanzang and what did he do
Chinese Buddhist Scholar
Went to India spreading Buddhist teachings and wrote book about his travels
What was Neo-Confucianism
Mix of Confucianism and Buddhism used in most of China
What was Angkor Wat
A Hindu temple in SE asia considered one of the most important archaeological sites in SE Asia created as a result of Indian Ocean Trade
Who was Ibn Battuta and what did he do
Moroccan scholar who traveled to the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, SE Asia, and China and wrote a book about it - considered greatest travelogue in history
Who was Marco Polo
Italian Merchant who traveled far East and wrote a book about it
Who was Margery Kempe
English religious author who wrote first autobiography ever
How was the Black Death spread
FLEAS ON RATS
What percentage of the European population died because of the Bubonic Plague
50%
Why are banana’s important
Spread across indian ocean
Cash crop
Origin in SE asia
Planted in Americas where climate was right
What are 3 negative impacts on the environment as a result of global trade
Overgrazing - having more livestock than capacity
Deforestation - Removal of forests for farms
Soil Erosion - over farming -> wearing away of soil
