Unit 2: Nature's Chemistry Flashcards
Homologous Series
Series of molecules with similar chemical properties and which share the same general formula
Alkanes
Names all end in -ane
General Formula is CnH2n+2
Alkenes
Names all end in -ene
All contain a carbon to carbon double bond (Unsaturated)
Have the general formula CnH2n
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Decolourise bromine water quickly
Cycloalkanes
Begin with cyclo- and end with -ane
Have the general formula CnH2n
Combustion Reactions
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
Addition Reactions
Double bond of alkene partially breaks, joining to the reactant molecule
Hydrogenation
Addition of hydrogen to an alkene, turning it into an alkane
Hydration
Addition of water to an alkene
Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae
Exothermic Reaction
Releases Heat Energy
Endothermic Reaction
Take in Heat Energy
Alkanols - Functional Group
Hydroxyl (OH)
Alkanols - General Formula
CnH2n+1OH
Alkanols - Naming
Ends in -anol
Number of carbon with hydroxyl group attached is lowest (butan-1-ol)