Unit 2 (nature’s chemistry) Flashcards
U2-2-1
condensation
topic: esters
in a condensation reaction, two moelcules are joined together with the elimination of a small molecule
U2-2-1
hydrolysis
topic: esters
in a hydrolysis reacyion, a molecule reacts with water to break down into smaller molecules
U2-2-2
(partial) hydrogenation
process through which oils are turned into fats
U2-3-1
soaps
water-soluble, ionic salts of fatty acids
U2-3-1
hydrophobic
does not dissolve in water/dissolves in non-polar substances
‘water fearing’
U2-3-1
hydrophilic
dissolves in water
‘water loving’
U2-3-2
emulsion
small droplets of one liquid dispersed in another liquid
U2-4-1
enzymes
biological catalysts
U2-4-1
essential amino acids
amoni acids which must be acquired from the diet because the body can’t make them
U2-4-1
condensation
topic: proteins
a reaction in which amino acids join together to form proteins
U2-4-1
hydrolysis
topic: proteins
a process in which proteins break down to form amino acids
U2-4-2
oxidation
ratio
increase in O:H ratio
adding O or removing H
U2-4-2
reduction
ratio
decrease in O:H ratio
removing O or adding H
U2-4-3
antioxidants
molecules that prevent unwanted oxidation reactions from occuring
U2-5-1
essential oils
concentrated extracts of the volatile, oil-soluble aroma compounds from plants
U2-5-1
terpenes
unsaturated compounds formed by joining together isoprene units
U2-5-2
free radicals
atoms or molecules that are highly reactive due to the presence of unpaired electrons
U2-5-2
free radical scavengers
molecules that react with free radicals to form stable molecules and prevent chain reactions from occurring
