Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms Flashcards
State the function of the central nervous system
To coordinate your body
State the structures that make up the central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
How is internal communication vital for the survival of multicellular organisms
So they can react to their surroundings
Explain the role of the cerebrum
Memory, reasoning, thought, intelligence
Explain the role of the cerebellum
Coordinates muscles for balance and posture
Explain the role of the medulla
Controls the rate of breathing and heart beats
State the role of neurons is in terms of cellular communication
They relay messages from the sense organs to the central nervous system and then to the effector
State the role of sensory neurons
Carries a nerve impulse from the receptor to the central nervous system
State the role of relay neurons
Connects a motor and a sensory neurone in the central nervous system and is involved in a reflex arc
Explain the role of motor neurons
Carries the nerve impulse from the central nervous system to an effector
What are hormones and state their role in the body
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted indirectly into blood stream by endocrine glands.
They stimulate specific target tissues which have specific receptors for a particular hormone.
Give 3 examples of of specific hormone releasing glands and their target tissues
Pancreas - insulin
Testis - testosterone
Adrenal - adrenaline
State how blood sugar levels are regulated by which compounds and the two organs involved
A
Define diabetes
Diabetes is the inability to control blood sugar levels
Explain what is meant by type 1 diabetes
Type one diabetes is when insulin is not produced by the pancreas
Explain what is meant by type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is caused by not enough insulin being produced or the body not responding to insulin
Define mutation
A mutation is a random change to genetic material
Define tissue
A tissue is a group of cells specialised to perform a particular function.
Define organ
An structure composed of several tissues coordinated to perform one or more functions
What are stem cells
They are unspecialised cells capable of developing into many different types of cell
Name the function of the testes
Make sperm and male hormones
Name the function of the sperm duct
Carry sperm to the outside
Name the function of the prostate gland
Add fluid to the sperm to make semen
Name the function of the ovaries
Produce eggs and female hormones
