Unit 2: Molecular & Ionic Compound Structure & Properties Flashcards
Expect to review Unit 2, this is probably where things get hard. Hopefully you know the difference between an Ionic and Covalent bond. If not, study these cards!
Ionic Bonds are between a…
Metal and a Nonmetal
Covalent Bonds are between…
Two Nonmetals
Properties of Ionic Bonds?
*Compounds are usually brittle
*High melting points
*Conduct electricity when dissolved into a solution.
Properties of Covalent Bonds?
*Lower Melting points
*Don’t conduct electricity very well when dissolved
Difference between Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds?
In a Polar Covalent Bond, one of the nonmetals takes most of the electrons while Nonpolar Covalent Bonds share electrons equally (or almost)
Properties of Single Bonds?
*Longest bond length
*Weakest energy
Properties of Triple Bonds?
*Shortest bond length
*Strongest energy
Relationship between distance and energy?
As distance increases, energy increases,
Example Question: Would Mg[+2] be more attracted to Cl [-] or S [-2]?
Mg [+2] would be more attracted to S [-2] due to
What is Metallic Bonding?
Type of bond between metals where valence electrons float around (sea of electrons)
More free electrons conduct electricity better.
What are the 2 types of Metallic Alloys?
Substitional Alloys and Interstitial Alloys
What is a Substitional Alloy?
Atoms that substitute the positions of other elements in the alloy. (fits in and takes their spot)
Ex: Brass, zinc atoms substite some copper atoms. Possible because atoms are both similar in size and charge.
What is an Interstitial Alloy?
Where smaller atoms stick into spaces between the larger atoms.
Ex; Steel, Carbon atoms fit inside the cracks between Iron atoms. Makes compound harder and tougher.
What is a Lewis Diagram?
Diagram/Model that represents the # of electrons and bonds in a compound.
What is Formal Charge
Charge assigned to an atom in a molecule.
Compounds with a FC of 0 are the most stable.
How to find Formal Charge?
subtract the number of non-bonding electrons and half the number of bonded electrons from the number of its valence electrons.
Is this too confusing?
In Topic 7, Bond Hybridization,
What are single bonds made up of?
Made of 1 sigma bond
Talking about Topic 7 Bond Hybridization
What is a double bond made up of?
Talking about Topic 7 Bond Hybridization
1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond
What are triple bonds made up of?
Talking about Topic 7 Bond Hybridization
1 sigma & 2 pi
How to find Hybridization?
Talking about Topic 7 Bond Hybridization
Sigma bonds + Unshared Pairs
Ex; If we have 2 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair, what is our Hybridization
Talking about Topic 7 Bond Hybridization
sp2
VSEPR Theory
Molecular Geometry is determined by the ___
the # of bonds and lone pairs.
