Unit 2: Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties

Question 1

chemical bond

Answer 1

holds together atoms in molecules allowing them to function as a unit.

Question 2

ionic bond

Answer 2

an ionic solid is held together by the electrostatic attractions between ions that are next to one another in a lattice structure

Question 3

covalent bond

Answer 3

two atoms share electrons. each item counts the shared electrons as part of it valence shell so that both atoms have complete outer shells

Question 4

metallic bond

Answer 4

The chemical bonds that hold atoms together in metals

Question 5

Lewis diagram

Answer 5

diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule.It is based on the concept of the octet rule, in which atoms share electrons so that each atom has eight electrons in its outer shell.

Question 6

octet rule

Answer 6

the tendency of atoms to want to have eight electrons in the valence shell

Question 7

bond polarity

Answer 7

bond polarity depends on the electronegativities of the bonded atoms

Question 8

polar covalent bond

Answer 8

occurs when atoms in a covalent bond are shared unequally

Question 9

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 9

occurs when atoms in a covalent bond are shared equally

Question 10

electronegativity

Answer 10

an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons (covalent bond)

Question 11

formal charge

Answer 11

the difference between the number of free valence electrons and the number assigned to that atom in a lewis structure

Question 12

resonance structure

Answer 12

another way of drawing a Lewis dot structure diagram. Equivalent Lewis structures are called resonance forms

Question 13

VSEPR theory

Answer 13

The valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is a model that predicts molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bonds among the atoms in a molecule

Question 14

hybridization

Answer 14

process where two single-stranded DNA/RNA bond together to form a double-stranded molecule

Question 15

sp hybridization

Answer 15

when one s and one p orbital in the same shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals

Question 16

sp2 hybridization

Answer 16

involves mixing of one s orbital and two p orbital’s of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as sp2

Question 17

sp3 hybridization

Answer 17

one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridize to form four sp³ orbital

Question 18

sigma bond

Answer 18

a result of the head-to-head overlapping of atomic orbitals

Question 19

pi bond

Answer 19

pi bonds are formed by the lateral overlap of two atomic orbitals

Question 20

substitutional alloy

Answer 20

forms between atoms of similar radii

Question 21

interstitial alloy

Answer 21

Metal atoms with two vastly different radii combine

Question 22

amorphous solid

Answer 22

a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure

Question 23

crystalline solid

Answer 23

a solid that with ordered internal structure

Question 24

network bonds

Answer 24

atoms are held together in a lattice of covalent bond

Question 25

Valence shell

Answer 25

the outermost shell of electrons in an atom

Question 26

Incomplete octets

Answer 26

some atoms are stable with less than 8 electrons in their outer shell, but all other atoms involved in covalent bonding require a minimum of 8 electrons to be considered stable

Question 27

Expanded octets

Answer 27

In some atoms, the central atom can have more than 8 valence electrons, but never more than 12