Unit 2 Mock Examinations Revision Flashcards
Name one Individualistic Theory
Albert Bandura 1961
What was the Individualistic theory?
The ‘role theory’ states children will observe and imitate their ‘models’ behaviour and/or actions.
What was the study for the individualistic theory?
Put a Bobo doll and other toys inside a room with a child and an adult. A correlation in results was found as parents who played aggressively with the doll influenced their children to play aggressively with the doll too.
What can we learn from the individualistic theory?
Individuals can influence others behaviour as seen through the above study. To some extent, behaviour is sex-typed in the terms that males tended to imitate physical aggression more than females.
Case Study for the Individualistic theory?
Jamie Bulger
Bad parenting of Jon Venables and Robert Thompson led to shoplifting, bad behaviour and violent
Sex-typed behaviour in the study
Name one genetic theory
Patricia Jacobs 1965
What is the genetic theory?
“Super Males” are men who have an extra Y chromosome. This results in extra testosterone and increased aggression.
1 in 100 people have this
What was the study for the genetic theory?
Chromosomal Survey in a prison.
9 of the 315 inmates had this extra Y chromosome
Occurs 15 per 1000 in prisons
Case Study for a genetic theory
John Wayne Gacy
Killed lots of men 29 of which were found buried underneath his house.
How have biological theories influenced policy development?
The theory that higher testosterone levels lead to increased levels of aggression has resulted in the legalization of voluntary chemical castration for high-level sex offenders in the UK in 2007. Chemical castration is used as a method of crime control in areas where it is voluntary yet is given as state punishment where it is involuntary. This method of crime control is somewhat effective. Less than 10% of 626 castrated patients had committed sexual offences a year after compared to the reoffending rate of 65%.
Name a biological theory
Scerbo and Raine 1993
Study of the biological theory
Meta-analysis on 29 studies into anti-social adults and children, where they found they all had low levels of serotonin - lower aggression.
Biological theory conclusion
Serotonin can be controlled by diet.
Raise serotonin Lower Serotonin
-Dark Chocolate - Poor Diet
-Nuts - Chronic Stress
-Chicken
-Turkey
-Cheese
Case Study for biological theory
Horace Williams
American bodybuilder
Took 2,000 times the recommended level of steroids
Beat a man to death
Strengths of genetic theory
Study proves that significant number of men in prison have an XYY chromosome instead of XY
Adler et al 2007 indicated it is possible that violent and aggressive behaviour is somewhat determined by genetic factors.
