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Bio > Unit 2 - Microscope And Cell Parts > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Microscope And Cell Parts Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A microscope it used to observe organisms that

A

are too small to see with the naked eye

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2
Q

One called organisms are called

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

Cell theory:

A

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. Cells arise from other living cells not from non living matter.

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4
Q

Exceptions to the cell theory:

A

Viruses are not made up of cells and contain genetic material and can reproduce in a host cell. The first cell could not have arisen from a previous cell.

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5
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

A

Creator of the first simple microscope

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6
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Creator of the first compound microscope and discovered the cell.

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7
Q

Robert Brown

A

Named the “nucleus” of a cell.

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8
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

Concluded that all plants have cells

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9
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

Concluded that all animals are made up of cells.

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10
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Stated that all cells come from previous cells.

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11
Q

When observing specimens under a microscope, they must be

A

Thin enough so that light can be shown through easily

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12
Q

The image created is

A

Larger, upside down, and backwards.

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13
Q

Eyepiece/ocular lens

A

Magnifies image

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14
Q

Coarse adjustment

A

Used for rough focus

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15
Q

Fine adjustment

A

Used for fine focus

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16
Q

Nosepiece

A

Rotates objectives

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17
Q

Objectives

A

Magnifies image

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18
Q

Clips

A

Holds the specimen in place

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19
Q

Stage

A

Platform for holding specimens

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20
Q

Arm

A

Used to hold microscope

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21
Q

Diaphragm

A

Adjusts the amount of light shown though the stage

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22
Q

Illuminator or mirror

A

a light source to see the specimen

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23
Q

Base

A

Used to stand microscope up

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24
Q

The most common microscope for studying organisms

A

Compound microscope

25
Q

Staining techniques help by

A

Adding color to an organism so it is more easily seen

26
Q

Stain used for plant cells

A

Iodine

27
Q

Stain used for animal cells

A

Methylene blue

28
Q

Total magnification

A

The maximum amount an image can be enlarged

29
Q

How do I find total magnification?

A

Multiply the eyepiece and the objective

30
Q

Dissecting microscope

A

A microscope used to observe specimens that are too large to see with a compound microscope.

31
Q

Electron microscope

A

Produces a total magnification of over 100,000x. Uses a beam of electrons to see organisms up close. Organisms must be dead.

32
Q

Ultracentrifuge

A

Used to separate cell parts according to density

33
Q

Organelles

A

Small structures inside a call that keep it alive

34
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds a cell and separates it from the external environment. Semi-Permeable found open both plant and animal cells.

35
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activities, contains genetic material and nucleolus. Found in plant and animal cells

36
Q

Nucleolus

A

Makes ribosomes. Found in plant and animal cells

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes protein. Found in plant and animal cells

38
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Found in plant and animal cells

39
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A series of channels that transport materials around the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.

40
Q

Golgi complex

A

Synthesizes, creates, and packages cell products Found in plant and animal cells

41
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage area for a cell. Found in plant (big) and animal (small) cells

42
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contains enzymes for digestion. Found in plant (similar organelle) and animal cells

43
Q

Chloroplast

A

Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Found in plant cells

44
Q

Centriole

A

Involved in cellular reproduction. Found in animal cells

45
Q

Cell wall

A

Stiff outer layer composed of cellulose that provides shape and support to a cell. Found in plant cells

46
Q

Cyclosis

A

The cytoplasm of a cell circulates oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the cell to where they need to go.
Also called cytoplasmic streaming.

47
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Only lets certain materials in or out by opening and closing pores

48
Q

Diffusion or passive transport

A

Movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

49
Q

Equilibrium

A

The same number of molecules is reached on both sides of the cell. Goes with the gradient.

50
Q

Diffusion does not require

A

Energy

51
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

52
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Goes against the gradient.

53
Q

Active transport does require

A

Energy

54
Q

How do cells communicate with each other?

A

Through cell receptors. Proteins embedded in the cell help it communicate.

55
Q

Cell receptors have a specific

A

Shape

56
Q

Chemicals can bind to cell receptors if they can

A

Fit together perfectly. Like a cellular puzzle

57
Q

Specialized units perform similar

A

Functions

58
Q

How are cells organized

A

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms

Bio (5 decks)

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