Unit 2 - Microscope And Cell Parts

Question 1

A microscope it used to observe organisms that

Answer 1

are too small to see with the naked eye

Question 2

One called organisms are called

Answer 2

Unicellular

Question 3

Cell theory:

Answer 3

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. Cells arise from other living cells not from non living matter.

Question 4

Exceptions to the cell theory:

Answer 4

Viruses are not made up of cells and contain genetic material and can reproduce in a host cell. The first cell could not have arisen from a previous cell.

Question 5

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 5

Creator of the first simple microscope

Question 6

Robert Hooke

Answer 6

Creator of the first compound microscope and discovered the cell.

Question 7

Robert Brown

Answer 7

Named the “nucleus” of a cell.

Question 8

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 8

Concluded that all plants have cells

Question 9

Theodore Schwann

Answer 9

Concluded that all animals are made up of cells.

Question 10

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 10

Stated that all cells come from previous cells.

Question 11

When observing specimens under a microscope, they must be

Answer 11

Thin enough so that light can be shown through easily

Question 12

The image created is

Answer 12

Larger, upside down, and backwards.

Question 13

Eyepiece/ocular lens

Answer 13

Magnifies image

Question 14

Coarse adjustment

Answer 14

Used for rough focus

Question 15

Fine adjustment

Answer 15

Used for fine focus

Question 16

Nosepiece

Answer 16

Rotates objectives

Question 17

Objectives

Answer 17

Magnifies image

Question 18

Clips

Answer 18

Holds the specimen in place

Question 19

Stage

Answer 19

Platform for holding specimens

Question 20

Arm

Answer 20

Used to hold microscope

Question 21

Diaphragm

Answer 21

Adjusts the amount of light shown though the stage

Question 22

Illuminator or mirror

Answer 22

a light source to see the specimen

Question 23

Base

Answer 23

Used to stand microscope up

Question 24

The most common microscope for studying organisms

Answer 24

Compound microscope

Question 25

Staining techniques help by

Answer 25

Adding color to an organism so it is more easily seen

Question 26

Stain used for plant cells

Answer 26

Iodine

Question 27

Stain used for animal cells

Answer 27

Methylene blue

Question 28

Total magnification

Answer 28

The maximum amount an image can be enlarged

Question 29

How do I find total magnification?

Answer 29

Multiply the eyepiece and the objective

Question 30

Dissecting microscope

Answer 30

A microscope used to observe specimens that are too large to see with a compound microscope.

Question 31

Electron microscope

Answer 31

Produces a total magnification of over 100,000x. Uses a beam of electrons to see organisms up close. Organisms must be dead.

Question 32

Ultracentrifuge

Answer 32

Used to separate cell parts according to density

Question 33

Organelles

Answer 33

Small structures inside a call that keep it alive

Question 34

Cell membrane

Answer 34

Surrounds a cell and separates it from the external environment. Semi-Permeable found open both plant and animal cells.

Question 35

Nucleus

Answer 35

Controls cell activities, contains genetic material and nucleolus. Found in plant and animal cells

Question 36

Nucleolus

Answer 36

Makes ribosomes. Found in plant and animal cells

Question 37

Ribosomes

Answer 37

Makes protein. Found in plant and animal cells

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

Makes energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Found in plant and animal cells

Question 39

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 39

A series of channels that transport materials around the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.

Question 40

Golgi complex

Answer 40

Synthesizes, creates, and packages cell products Found in plant and animal cells

Question 41

Vacuole

Answer 41

Storage area for a cell. Found in plant (big) and animal (small) cells

Question 42

Lysosomes

Answer 42

Contains enzymes for digestion. Found in plant (similar organelle) and animal cells

Question 43

Chloroplast

Answer 43

Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Found in plant cells

Question 44

Centriole

Answer 44

Involved in cellular reproduction. Found in animal cells

Question 45

Cell wall

Answer 45

Stiff outer layer composed of cellulose that provides shape and support to a cell. Found in plant cells

Question 46

Cyclosis

Answer 46

The cytoplasm of a cell circulates oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the cell to where they need to go. Also called cytoplasmic streaming.

Question 47

Selectively permeable

Answer 47

Only lets certain materials in or out by opening and closing pores

Question 48

Diffusion or passive transport

Answer 48

Movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 49

Equilibrium

Answer 49

The same number of molecules is reached on both sides of the cell. Goes with the gradient.

Question 50

Diffusion does not require

Answer 50

Energy

Question 51

Osmosis

Answer 51

The diffusion of water

Question 52

Active transport

Answer 52

The movement of materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Goes against the gradient.

Question 53

Active transport does require

Answer 53

Energy

Question 54

How do cells communicate with each other?

Answer 54

Through cell receptors. Proteins embedded in the cell help it communicate.

Question 55

Cell receptors have a specific

Answer 55

Shape

Question 56

Chemicals can bind to cell receptors if they can

Answer 56

Fit together perfectly. Like a cellular puzzle

Question 57

Specialized units perform similar

Answer 57

Functions

Question 58

How are cells organized

Answer 58

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms