Unit 2 (Metabolic Processes) - Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
4.1
A
a process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds
2
Q
What are obligate aerobes?
4.1
A
an organism that cannot live without oxygen
3
Q
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
4.1
A
The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP
4
Q
What is substrate-level phosphorylation? What is oxidative phosphorylation?
4.1
A
- Substrate-level phosphorylation - The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP
- Oxidative phosphorylation - A process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly through a series of redox reactions
5
Q
a) Which stages of cellular resp. uses substrate-level phosphorylation?
b) Which stages of cellular resp. uses oxidative phosphorylation?
4.1
A
a) Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle
b) Electron Transport chain
6
Q
How does glycolysis work?
4.1
A
- Enzymes break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
- Some high energy ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation) and NADH gets produced
- Happens in the cytosol
7
Q
How does pyruvate oxidation work?
4.1
A
- Each of the two molecules of pyruvate produced in glycolysis is transported to mitochondria and is oxidized by NAD+
- Results in the production of CO2 (a waste molecule), NADH, and an acetyl group that is initially attatched to coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)
8
Q
How does the Citric acid cycle work?
4.1
A
9
Q
What happens in the Electron Transport Chain?
4.1
A
- The NADH and FADH2 (synthesized during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle) are oxidized.
- Their high-energy electrons and hydrogens are passed from one oxidizing agent to the next until they are transferred to O2, producing water.
- The free energy released during electron transport is indirectly used to synthesize a large amount of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
