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Social Studies 8 > Unit 2, Medival Europe > Flashcards

Unit 2, Medival Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Monotheism

A

Meaning belief in only one god. Eg. Christianity, Judaism, Islam

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2
Q

Polytheism

A

Meaning belief in more than one god. Eg. Egyptians, Hinduism, Romans, and Greeks

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3
Q

Fief

A

Meaning land

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4
Q

Fealty

A

Meaning loyalty

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5
Q

Faith

A

Trust and belief/religion

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6
Q

Feudalism

A

Started by William the Conqueror/Bastard, establishes that everyone is a subordinate (vassal) and a ruler/leader (lord)

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7
Q

Basis of wealth

A

Land

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8
Q

Who did William the Conqueror take and reward land to?

A

He took it from English nobles and awarded it to Normans that fought beside him.

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9
Q

Contract

A

A formal agreement

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10
Q

Why did the nobles promise the king their loyalty

A

They were granted fiefs/status

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11
Q

Obligations of a lord to a vassal

A
  • grant land to the vassal
  • settle disputes between vassals
  • defend them from attack
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12
Q

Obligations of a vassal to a lord

A
  • serve in the king’s army for a set number of days (40)
  • supply knights during war
  • serve in the king’s court and provide advice
  • give king money on special occasions
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13
Q

Bayeux Tapestry

A

Bishop Odo (William’s brother), paid for it to be made, so William could justify his invasion of England by rewriting history. It was made and still kept in the town of Bayeux.

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14
Q

What did Harold do according to William/the Bayeux Tapestry?

A

Made an oath to Duke William to be his vassal, after William rescued Harold when he was shipwrecked.

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15
Q

What is the catalyst for the fight to become king?

A

Edward the Confessor died without a male heir

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16
Q

Who were the three serious contenders for the throne?

A
  1. Harold Godwinson of England, Duke of Wessex. Claims Edward chose him as successor.
  2. William the Bastard of France, Duke of Normandy. Claims relation to Edward through mother and that he was chosen as successor.
  3. Harald Hadrada of Norway, King of Norway. Claims grandfather was a former English king, and also claims to be promised successor.
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17
Q

Battle of Hastings

A

Fought in 1066, between Harold Godwinson and the Anglo-Saxons vs William of Normandy and the Normans. Won by William.

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18
Q

Lord of the Manor

A

The lord who lives on the land given to him by his lord.

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19
Q

Serf

A

Part of the property and never able to be a noble.

Duties include giving a cut of their crops to their lord. Must also farm 2-3 days a week on the lord’s demesne.

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20
Q

Freeholder

A

Owned land, but paid a yearly tax to lord of the manor. Can move to another place. Still farms.

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21
Q

Women’s duties (commoner)

A

Domestic duties (cleaning, cooking, gathering firewood)

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22
Q

To try

A

To put someone on trial

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23
Q

Men’s duties (commoner)

A

Physical labour (farming, weeding, harvesting crops)

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24
Q

Self sufficient

A

Independent and doesn’t need outside help

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25
Q

How were women treated in the Middle Ages?

A

They were controlled by men, typically their husbands or fathers and were unable to own property

26
Q

Demesne

A

Pronounced di-mane. A lord would keep some land for his personal profit. Usually farmed by peasants.

27
Q

Bailiff

A

Worked for the lord of the manor and collected rent plus supervised all peasants

28
Q

What was the only religion in Europe during the Middle Ages?

A

Christianity

29
Q

What language were services in?

A

Latin

30
Q

How did the Church gain so much land?

A

They owned 1/3 of the land in Europe because it was gifted to them by wealthy believers

31
Q

Persecuted

A

To target someone, especially because of race, religion, and belief

32
Q

Convert

A

To change from one thing to another

33
Q

Devout

A

Being committed to something, particularly in a religious context

34
Q

Tithe

A

A yearly church tax. You had to pay 10% of income

35
Q

Seven Deadly Sins

A

Pride, envy, lust, greed, anger, gluttony, sloth

36
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

Faith (believe in one god called Allah), prayer (five times a day), charity (eliminate inequality), fasting (during the daytime in month of Ramadan), pilgrimage (travel to Mecca at least once)

37
Q

Get closer to god

A

Vow of chastity (don’t start a family), obedience (loyalty to church), poverty (get rid of possessions)

38
Q

Manor church

A

Farming and property disputes. Small crimes.
Tries commoners.
Lord of manor or representative in charge.
Punishments are fines, time in stocks, expulsion from manor, removal of ear or finger.

39
Q

Royal court

A

Tries murder, treason, cutting trees/hunting in a royal forest, killing certain animals.
Tries nobles and commoners.
King or representative is in charge.
Execution or seizing of property as punishment.

40
Q

Church court

A

Crimes committed by members of the clergy.
Pope/representative in charge.
Punishment is excommunication or interdict

41
Q

What did Christianity promise and why was it so popular in the Roman Empire?

A

Everyone could go to heaven if they were good people, regardless of wealth.

42
Q

Judge

A

Official who presides over court proceedings

43
Q

Assault

A

Physical attack of another person

44
Q

Treason

A

Betraying a superior

45
Q

Chastity

A

Doing without sex

46
Q

Trial by ordeal

A

The accused undergo torture, and are convicted if they die or get a severe injury

47
Q

Trial by battle

A

The accused and accuser fight. Victor is innocent and loser is usually hanged if not already dead. Noble woman can’t fight, and must select a champion.

48
Q

Excommunication

A

Being kicked out of the church

49
Q

Interdict

A

Being unable to receive services from the Church

50
Q

Diaspora

A

The final scattering of the Jews from Palestine. They were scattered around the Mediterranean Ocean.

51
Q

Differences between the major three religions

A

Different holy book names, places of worship

52
Q

Similarities between the major three religions

A

Monotheistic
Abraham and Moses are important
Jerusalem is a sacred place
Old Testament
From southwestern Asia

53
Q

Obligation

A

A legal/moral requirement to do something.

54
Q

Stirrups

A

A ring or frame that holds the feet of a rider

55
Q

Cavalry

A

Soldiers who fight on horseback

56
Q

Holocaust

A

Genocide of around 6 million Jews during World War II

57
Q

Mecca

A

Birthplace of Muhammad in Saudi Arabia. All Muslims must make at least one pilgrimage here.

58
Q

Islam’s branches

A

Sunni and Shi’ah

59
Q

Christianity’s branches.

A

Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox

60
Q

Jewdaism’s branches

A

Orthodox, Conservative and Reformed.

61
Q

Why did medieval manors need to be self sufficient?

A

They were often isolated from the world

Social Studies 8 (1 decks)

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