Unit 2: Matter Flashcards
What are subatomic particles?
A sub atomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom, such as: protons, neutrons and electrons
What is an ion, what are the different types, and how is it different from an atom?
An ion is a charged atom, it can be either a cation (positively charged atom) or anion (negatively charged atom). The only difference is that an ion is charged and an atom is neutral.
What is in the nucleus of an atom?
Only protons and neutrons, which is why you can only gain or lose electrons.
In relation to their subatomic particles, what makes ions and isotopes different from normal atoms?
In ions the number of electrons changes, in isotopes the number of neutrons changes.
What is a cation and what does the word mean in Greek?
A positively charged atom, cation in Greek means going down. (Electrons are going down)
What is an anion and what does the word mean in Greek?
An anion is negatively charged atom and it means going up in Greek (Electrons going up)
What does atomic number tell us?
Atomic number tells the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a neutral atom. It also tells us which element the atom is because the atomic number of an element can never change.
Does electron bonding mean electrons being taken away, shared or gained?
Shared.
What do you need to put around a bohr model of an atom to show that it’s an ion?
Square brackets and put the negative or positive charge outside the top right corner.
The uncertainty principle states…
we cannot know both the positions and speed of a particle, such as a photon or electron, with perfect accuracy
Frequency is defined as …
The number of complete wave cycles per second.
Wavelength definition and measurement
Total distance covered to complete 1 wave from crest to crest or trough to trough
Why was the bohr model considered inconsistent with the principles of quantum mechanics?
It assumed fixed orbits for electrons without considering the uncertainty principle.
What is the relationship between frequency and wavelengths?
The frequency of the wave is inversely proportional to its wave length. That means waves with a higher frequency have a short wave length, whole waves with low frequency have longer wavelengths.
What is the frequency unit called and what is its symbol?
The frequency unit is called hertz (Hz) and the symbol is v.
What is the symbol of wavelength and what are its units?
Lambda (λ) and the units can be meters, nanometers (nm), or micrometers (μm)
What fundamental concepts did Rutherford’s model fail to include?
It couldn’t explain why atoms are stable (it predicted electrons would crash into the nucleus) and why atoms give off specific colors of light (it didn’t include energy levels for electrons)
What is the SI unit?
Is a standard unit from the international system of units.
What is a photon?
A photon is a tiny particle of light that carries energy. It has no mass and moves at the speed of light.
What do photons have to do with energy levels?
Photons are absorbed or released when electrons move between energy levels in an atom. The energy of a photon matches the energy difference between the levels, which is why electrons emit or absorb light at specific colors.
Wavelength vs Wave cycle vs Wave
Wavelength is a measurement.
Wave cycle is one full repeat of the wave pattern.
Wave is the entire phenomenon itself.
How many electrons can s orbital hold?
It can hold 2 electrons.
How many electrons can p hold?
It can hold 6 electrons.
How many electrons can d orbital hold?
d orbital can hold 10 electrons.
