unit 2 - macromolecules

Question 1

glucose

Answer 1

simple (mono)

Question 2

fructose

Answer 2

simple (mono)

Question 3

galactose

Answer 3

simple (mono)

Question 4

sucrose

Answer 4

glucose and fructose

Question 5

lactose

Answer 5

galactose glucose

Question 6

maltose

Answer 6

glucose and glucose

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 8

starch

Answer 8

stores sugar in plants

Question 9

cellulose

Answer 9

gives plants rigidity and strength

Question 10

glycogen

Answer 10

stores sugar in animals

Question 11

simple carb test

Answer 11

benedicts solution - blue -> red

Question 12

complex carb test

Answer 12

iodine solution - amber -> black or purple

Question 13

glycerol

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

saturated fats

Answer 14

single bonds between carbon and hydrogen, solid at room temp, animal fat

Question 15

lipids purposes:

Answer 15

chemical messengers (steroids), molecular tags

Question 16

unsaturated fats

Answer 16

double bonds, liquid at room temperature, plant oils

Question 17

steroids

Answer 17

manufactured as sterols, signaling molecules, hormones estradiol and testosterone

Question 17

lipids for structure

Answer 17

essential to the animal cell membrane, found as cholesterol

Question 18

phospholipids

Answer 18

make up the cell membrane, the polar head is hydrophilic, nonpolar tail is hydrophobic, create a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers make one membrane)

Question 19

lipid test

Answer 19

brown paper bag and sudan red test

Question 20

monomers of proteins?

Answer 20

amino acids - hormone or chemical messengers, can be polar or nonpolar

Question 21

amino acid structure

Answer 21

amino group, carboxyl group

Question 22

what links amino acids together?

Answer 22

peptide bonds, formed by dehydration synthesis between carbon and nitrogen

Question 23

functions of proteins

Answer 23

control the rate of chemical reactions and regulate cell processes, form cellular structures, transport substances in and out of the cell, fight disease

Question 24

primary structure of protein

Answer 24

linked amino acids

Question 25

secondary structure of protein

Answer 25

folding or coiling of the peptide chain

Question 26

tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 26

complete 3 dimensional structure of the protein

Question 27

quaternary structure

Answer 27

2 or more proteins in the tertiary phase

Question 28

allosteric inhibitor

Answer 28

does not connect to active site

Question 29

competitive inhibitor