Unit 2 - Lesson 2: Islam Expands Flashcards
Who were the rightly guided caliphs?
First four Islamic caliphs
Close companions of Muhammad
What is the difference between Sunni & Shi’a Muslims?
Sunni: follow Muhammad’s example
Shi’a: leadership by Muhammad’s descendants
What are 4 different Caliphates?
Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid
Why was trade essential to the growth of Islam?
Spread religious, cultural ideas
Increased economic wealth
Caliph
Leader of Muslim community
Successor to Prophet Muhammad
Rightly Guided Caliphs
First four successors of Muhammad
Led with Quran, Hadith guidance
Abu-Bakr
First caliph (632-634)
Muhammad’s close friend
Jihad
Struggle or fight against enemies of Islam
Also, personal spiritual struggle
Umar
Second caliph (634-644)
Expanded Islamic empire greatly
Uthman
Third caliph (644-656)
Compiled official Quran
Ali
Fourth caliph (656-661)
Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law
Muawiya
First Umayyad caliph (661-680)
Established Umayyad dynasty
Umayyad
Early Islamic caliphate (661-750)
Capital was Damascus
Damascus
Umayyad caliphate’s capital
Syrian city
Sunni
Largest Islamic branch
Followed the Umayyads
Shi’a
Follow Ali’s descendants and rebelled against Umayyads
Second largest Islamic branch
Sufi
Islamic mysticism
Focus on a personal relationship with God
Abbasids
Overthrew Umayyads (750-1258)
Golden Age of Islam
Al-Andalus
Muslim-ruled areas in Spain
Cultural, scientific advancements
Cordoba
Capital of Al-Andalus
Center for Learning
Baghdad
Abbasid capital from 762
Learning, cultural hub
Fatimid Caliphate
Shi’a caliphate in North Africa
Established Cairo as the capital
Dinar
Gold coin, currency in Islamic empires
Economic stability symbol
First Civil War
-656
Conflict after Uthman’s assassination
This led to the emergence of Umayyad
Why were the Muslims able to expand their empire so successfully?
Strong military strategies
Weak neighboring empires