UNIT 2: “LESSON 1: CROSS CULTURAL BUSINESS” Flashcards
—the set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific
group of people.
culture
the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others.
Ethnocentricity
detailed knowledge about a culture that enable a person to work happily and effectively within it.
cross-cultural literacy
building museums and erecting monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people.
national culture
A group of people who share a unique way of life within a larger, dominant culture is called a
subculture.
A people’s _______ is a very visible and foundational feature of culture that influences personal communication
physical environment
All the technology used in a culture to manufacture goods and provide services is called
material culture.
Ideas, beliefs, and customs to which people are emotionally attached are called
values.
______are positive or negative evaluations, feelings, and tendencies that individuals harbor toward objects or concepts.
Attitude / Attitudes
Appropriate ways of behaving, speaking, and dressing in a culture are called
manners
embodies a culture’s fundamental organization, including its groups and institutions, its system of social positions and their relationships, and the process by which its resources are distributed.
Social structure
Three important elements of social structure that differ across cultures
social group associations, social status, and social mobility.
a collection of two or more people who identify and interact with each other.
social group
Types of Groups. There are several types of social groups.
Primary group, Secondary group, and reference group
a small group of people who share close personal relationships that form early in lie and endure through time.
primary group
is larger, less personal, and less enduring than a primary group.
secondary group
is one that people use as a standard (or reference) for their own preferences, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
reference group
There are two different types of family groups.
Nuclear family and extended family
consists of a person’s immediate relatives, including parents, brothers and sisters.
nuclear family
broadens the nuclear family and adds grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, and relatives through marriage.
extended family
Some cultures stress______-, in which group concerns (or society) are more important than individual needs and desires.
collectivism
Other cultures stress ______, in which individual concerns take precedence over the welfare of the group.
individualism
Another important aspect of social structure is the way a culture divides it population according to _____
Status
The process of ranking people into social layers or classes is called
social stratification.
An _________ is a direct determination of social class based on socioeconomic variables.
objective social status ranking
a _______, people place themselves into various categories, relying mostly on income and, to a lesser extent, education as powerful determinants.
social status ranking
______ is the ease with which individuals can move up or down a culture’s “social ladder.”
Social mobility
is a system of social stratification in which people are born into a social ranking, or caste, with little or no opportunity for social mobility.
Caste system
is a system of social stratification in which personal ability and actions determine social status and mobility.
class system
is crucial for passing on traditions, customs, and values. Each culture educates its young people through schooling, parenting, religious teachings, and group memberships.
Education
