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AP Human Geography Exam Review > Unit 2 key terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Population distribution

A

is where people live in a geographic area

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2
Q

Climate

A

is a long term pattern of weather that affects the population distribution indirectly or directly

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3
Q

Temperate climates

A

moderate temperature and good precipitation

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4
Q

Landforms

A

natural features of the earth’s surface

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5
Q

Human migration

A

people move from one place to another permanently

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6
Q

population density

A

the number of people occupying a certain area of land

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7
Q

Arithmetic density

A

measure the number of people per unit area of land

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8
Q

Physiological density

A

number of people per arable land

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9
Q

Agricultural Density

A

measure number of farmers per unit of arable land

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10
Q

subsistence agriculture

A

farming done for survival purposes only

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11
Q

carrying capacity

A

the maximum number of people an environment can withstand

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12
Q

dependency ratio

A

number of people in a dependent age group (under 15, over 65)

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13
Q

sex ratio

A

number of males and females in a population

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14
Q

Demographics

A

data about the structure and characteristics of a population

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15
Q

Fertility

A

the ability to produce children

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16
Q

crude birth rate (CBR)

A

number of births in a year per 1000 people

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17
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

the number of children a woman in a particular region will give birth to in her child bearing years

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18
Q

Mortality

A

number of deaths in a population

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19
Q

Crude death rate CDR

A

Number of deaths per year per 1000 people in a region

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20
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year

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21
Q

Life expectancy rate

A

the number of years of person is expected to live

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22
Q

Population pyramids

A

give age-sex ratio to determine if the population is growing or not

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23
Q

rate of natural increase (INR)

A

the difference between the CBR and CDR in a defined group of people

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24
Q

Doubling time

A

number of years it will take a country for its population to double

25
Q

urbanization

A

growth and development of cities

26
Q

overpopulation

A

population that exceeds it carrying capacity

27
Q

Antinatalist

A

governments who want to curb the population by discouraging the population in having a smaller amount of kids

28
Q

Pronatalist

A

governments who want to increase the population and encourage the population to have more kids

29
Q

Land degradation

A

when the soil has been affected by long term damage and can no longer support crops

30
Q

Mobility

A

all types of movement from one place to another whether its short distance or long distance

31
Q

circulation

A

temporary, repetitive movements

32
Q

Emigration

A

moving away from a place

33
Q

Immigration

A

Moving to a new place

34
Q

Net migration

A

the difference between immigration and emigration in a specific place

35
Q

Push factor

A

pushes people away from a place

36
Q

pull factor

A

pulls people toward a place

37
Q

Voluntary motivation

A

when people make a choice to move

38
Q

Forced migration

A

when people are forced to migrate due to political, natural or cultural problems

39
Q

Transnational migration

A

when people move from one country to another

40
Q

Internal migration

A

migration within a country’s borders

41
Q

Friction of distance

A

the longer a journey takes, the more time, effort and money it costs.

42
Q

Transhumance

A

nomads move with their cattle to higher cooler elevations in the summer, and lower elevations in the winter

43
Q

Chain migration

A

when people follow others and move out of their home country for the same reasons

44
Q

Step migration

A

series of small moves to get to the final destination

45
Q

Intervening obstacle

A

A situation that holds back people from migrating

46
Q

Intervening opportunity

A

An opportunity that stops people from moving

47
Q

Guest workers

A

People that move to work as temporary workers

48
Q

Circular migrants

A

people who move back and forth from their country of origin and their new one

49
Q

Refugees

A

people who have been forced to move out because of fear of death

50
Q

Assylum

A

right to have protection in a new country

51
Q

Internally displaced persons

A

people who had to flee but still remained in the country’s borders

52
Q

Human trafficking

A

recruiting, transporting and harboring of humans in an improper way.

53
Q

Interregional migration

A

when people move from one region to another across the world

54
Q

intraregional migration

A

when people move between regions within their country

55
Q

Quota

A

limits set on how many immigrants can come to a country per year

56
Q

Kinship links

A

network of friends and family

57
Q

Skill gap

A

shortage of people who have specific skills

58
Q

Brain drain

A

when all of the educated people of a country move to a different -often richer- country

59
Q
A

AP Human Geography Exam Review (2 decks)

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