Unit 2 KA1

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

a part of a chromosome whihc codes for a protein

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

different forms of a gene

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

physical features (features) of an organism written in words- this can be a description of appearence or a non-visible characteristic

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

all of the inherited genetic information that an organism possesses

Question 5

dominant

Answer 5

allele that is always expressed in the phenotype even if ther eis judt ine copy.
capital letters

Question 6

recessive

Answer 6

an allele which is only expressed in the phenotype of an organism when paired with an identical allele
lower case letters

Question 7

homozygous

Answer 7

has 2 identical alleles for a particular genotype

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

the organism has 2 different alleles for a particular gene

Question 9

monohybrid cross

Answer 9

the study of the inheritance of one characteristic

Question 10

P

Answer 10

the parental generation in a monohybrid cross

Question 11

F1

Answer 11

the first generation produced in a monohybrid cross the offspring of the parents

Question 12

F2

Answer 12

the second generation produced in a monohybrid cross the offspring of breeding 2 members of the F1

Question 13

Taxomony

Angiosperm

Answer 13

flowering plants

Question 14

taxonomy

Anthropods

Answer 14

invertibrates with joined pairs of legs and segmented bodies

Question 15

taxonomy

Chordata

Answer 15

animal group containing sea squirts and vertebrates

Question 16

taxonomy

fern

Answer 16

flowerless plant that produces spores and has a vascular system

Question 17

taxonomy

gymnosperm

Answer 17

non-flowering, seed producing vascular plant such as a conifer

Question 18

moss

Answer 18

flowerless plant, lacking both seeds and a vascular system

Question 19

molluscs

Answer 19

invertebrate group often found to have a shell

Question 20

nematodes

Answer 20

parasitic round worms

Question 21

platyhelminthes

Answer 21

parasitic flatworms

Question 22

(a)

What aspects of fieldwork can cause a hazard?

Answer 22

• adverse weather
• difficult terrain
• isolation
• contact with harmful organisms

Question 23

(a)

What are some control measures that may be included in a risk assessment

Answer 23

• appropriate equipment
• clothing
• footwear
• means of communication

Question 24

(b)

What should be considered when carrying out sampling?

Answer 24

does it minimise impact on wild species and habitats

Question 25

# (b) Point count

Answer 25

involves the observer recording all idividuals seen from a fixed point count location can be compared with other locations

Question 26

# (b) Quadrats and transects

Answer 26

must be suitible size and shape used to measure sessile or slow-moving organisms

Question 27

# (b) Capture techniques

Answer 27

* used for mobile species * traps and nets

Question 28

# (b) How can elusive species be sampled?

Answer 28

By using camera traps scat sampling

Question 29

# (c) How can an ID of an organism be made?

Answer 29

* classification guides * biological keys * analysis or DNA or protein

Question 30

# (c) Taxomony

Answer 30

involves the identification and naming of organisms and their classification into groups based on shared characteristics

Question 31

# (c) Phylogenetics

Answer 31

study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals Uses * DNA sequences * protein structure * morphology

Question 32

# (c) Give examples of model organisms

Answer 32

* E.coli * flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana * nematode- C.elegans * arthropod- drosophila melanogaster (fly) * chordatas- mice, rats, zebrafish

Question 33

# (d) What information does an indicator species give?

Answer 33

presence, absence or abundance gives info of * enviromental qualities

Question 34

# (d) N= MC/R | what does this stand for?

Answer 34

This is used for the procedure or mark and recapture M= captured and marked C= second sample that is captured after a period of time R= the amount of the second population that were caught in the first population (so are **recaptured**)

Question 35

# (d) What are methods of marking animals?

Answer 35

* banding * tagging * surgical implantation * painting * hair clipping | must minimise impact on study species

Question 36

# (e) Latency

Answer 36

the time between the stimulus occuring and the response behaviour

Question 36

# (e) Frequency

Answer 36

The number of times a behaviour occurs during the observation period

Question 37

# (e) Duration

Answer 37

The length of time each behaviour occurs during the observation period

Question 38

# (e) Ethogram

Answer 38

lists species specific behaviours to be obserbed and recorded in the study allows construction of a time budget

Question 39

# (e) Time budget

Answer 39

proportion of time spent on each behaviour is shown in the time budget

Question 40

# (e) Anthropomorphism

Answer 40

attributing human characteristics to animals * can lead to invalid conclusions