unit 2 - homologous series Flashcards
give three uses for alkanes AND their general formula
(natural gas) cooking + heating, petrol. CnH2n+2
alkanes are _____ in water
insoluble
what is a hydrocarbon
a substance consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
what is a homologous series
group of compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and a trend in physical properties
what is the source of hydrocarbons
OIL
give two uses of alkenes
fuels + solvents
how to test for saturation
unsaturated hydrocarbons decolourise bromine
give three uses for cycloalkanes
fuel, natural gas, diesel
what are the two products of a hydrocarbon combusting in a plentiful supply of oxygen
CO2 + H2O
what is the general formula for the alcohols
Cn H2n+1 OH
give 2 uses for alchools
alcoholic drinks, fuels
what happens to alcohols mp/bp as they get larger. why?
the melting and boiling point increase as the alcohols increase in size due to strong intermolecular forces
give the general formula for carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1COOH
name the process by which alkenes are produced from alkanes
cracking
which alcohols are soluble in water
methanol, ethanol, and propanol
give three features of alcohols which change with size
mp, bp, solubility
what happens to alcohols solubility as they get larger
solubility decreases
why do alcohols make good fuels?
they are highly flammable and burn cleanly
which carboxylic acids are soluble in water
methanoic, ethanoic and propanoic acid are soluble in water
as carboxylic acids increase in size, _______?
solubility decreases and mp/mp increase
why does mp/bp of carboxylic acids increase with size?
due to stronger intermolecular forces
give two uses of carboxylic acids
cleaning + preserving foods (pickling)
