Unit 2 History Test Flashcards
The “Anaconda” plan
The Anaconda Plan or Scott’s Great Snake is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil war. Proposed by Winfield Scott, the plan blocked the southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the south in two.
Fort Sumter
It was April 12, 1861 in Charleston Harbor, SC “It was a bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in U.S. history.” The union surrenders. (The civil war was signaled by fort Sumter)
Border states
Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee.
Cone-shaped bullet
The bullets in the Civil war were huge, about an inch in diameter, and weighing a few ounces. Once these 1,2, or 3 ounces of pure lead were moving at 800 to 900 feet per second and having it crash into a bone in your body, you get a huge amount of crashing power, the bones in your body weren’t just broken but shattered.
Bull Run (Manassas)
First major battle of the civil war. July 1861 in Manassas Virginia (close to D.C.)
Ironclad
An ironclad was a steam propelled warship invented in the civil war. It was protected by iron or steel plates. It was first used in the battle of Hampton roads (March 1862) it was used to defeat wooden warships.
“Fighting Rebels with only one hand”
(Excerpts) from Fredrick Douglass monthly, September 1862. About how African Americans deserve the right to in list in the army.
Battle of Antietam
It was one of the most important battles of the civil war. It was the first battle fought outside of southern soil. 22,717 estimated casualties, the battle ended up “inconclusive” one of the deadliest battles of the civil war, Lee finally defeated and his army was forced back into Virginia.
The emancipation proclamation
Jan 1863 (Emancipate: verb: To set free, to liberate) The emancipation proclamation was a complex process that involved many individual’s including the slaves themselves. Abolisioists including African Americans pressured Lincoln for emancipation. Lincoln’s cabinet don’t vote for empat. (They urge him to wait for a union victory)
54th Massachusetts regiment
The 54th regiment was one of the first to recruit African American soldiers. 186,000 black soldiers insisted in the army.
20th Maine regiment
This regiment was famous for its defense in the battle of little round top. (Union)
Gettysburg
(cemetery hill & little round top) The battle of Gettysburg happened two years into the war and it had no clear ending in sight. Little round top ant(Lee had continued success in Virginia (even after Antietam) Ulysses S. Grant and union troops in the west are on the verge of seizing the M.S. River. Lee decides to take 75,000 troops and try to blow Union territory. Union victory. Casualties: 51,112. Bloodiest war in the CW.
Little round top
The battle of little round top was the sight of an unsuccessful assault by the confederate troops against the union. It is considered the turning point in union defense lines by many historians.
Vicksburg
The siege I Vicksburg was the final big military action of the civil war. It is where lee and the confederate army surrendered.
New York City draft riots
(July 1863) in the north when enthusiasm was fading in the midst of the civil war the most violent riot of the CW broke out two weeks after the battle of Gettysburg. 120 people were killed.
The Gettysburg address
A speech by Abe Lincoln. November 19, 1863. A two minute speech with a very powerful message. It is one of the most famous speeches in US history. It was a powerful explanation of why Northerners had to continue to fight for the civil war despite its terrible human costs.
Election of 1864
Lincoln was reelected - union was on the verge of winning the war with slavery destroyed. In his second inaugural address he talks about how God should be mad at the world for its sins. Abe (republican) vs. George McClellan (democrat).
Total war
In the middle of the CW total war broke out. The union sought to totally destroy the south. (As if they were a foreign enemy) an order was passed that allowed soldiers to destroy anything that might be of use to the confederacy.
Sherman’s March
Begins in Chattanooga, TN and then marched to Atlanta, GA and captures/destroys one of the south’s major cities. March the goes towards the Atlantic Ocean. (All the way to savannah, Georgia) union then turned north and moved through SC and NC.
The 13th amendment
Passed Jan 1865 but it was ratified in December. The official abolishment of slavery in the United States. A major challenge to get it passed through congress. Thaddeus Stevens and the “radical republicans” had a large role in passing the law.
Lincoln’s second inaugural
Lincoln reelected - union on the verge of winning the war with slavery destroyed. Answers the question,”why was the CW necessary?” Calls for reconciliation.
Appomattox Court House, VA
April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders the ANV to Grant at Appomattox Court House, VA.
Bennett place, NC
April, 28, 1865 , The largest confederate surrender of the civil war. In Durham, NC
Secession and confederacy
To secede means to drop out so when the confederate states suceeded from the union they dropped out and were no longer part of the country.
Sullivan Ballou
A 32 year old man who wrote a touching love letter to his wife a week before the battle of Bull run (Manassas) wrote his wife a touching letter saing he loved her. This letter gave insight on why soldiers had to fight in the CW.
Jefferson Davis
Was the confederates president. (in 1862)
Fredrick Douglass
An african american man who used to be a slave who gave many powerful speeches such as “fighting rebels with only one hand” (1861)
Samuel Cabble
African american man in the civil war who wrote a letter to his wife before doing military campaigns.
George McClellan
Was a major general in the CW. He fought in the battle of Antietam, and led 87,000 union troops.
Joshua Chamberlain
A professer who volunteered to fight in the CW for the union. He had no military training but he bravely stayed and defended little round top. He became a highly respected general.
Dorothea Dix
Supper intendent of union nurses, helped fund mental institutions.
Sally Tompkins
Angel of the confederacy.
William Seward
A victim of Booth’s gang. Was nearly killed by Lewis Paine.
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Lincoln 1865. Was an actor. Died in a burning barn after being shot through the head.
Andrew Johnson
Vice president to Abe Lincoln. A victim of booth’s gang.
