Unit 2: History of Oceanography Flashcards
Leif Eriksson
Viking that landed in Newfoundland, Canada in 1000. First European to find North America.
Pytheas
In Approx. 400 BC he determined the Atlantic tides are based on the moon and used degrees north and south of the North Star to navigate.
James cook
Captain of the first sea expedition devoted to scientific oceanography and tried to find Antarctica.
John Harrison
In 1735 he invented the chronometer.
Prince Henry of Portugal
1400’s searched for a route to the east… Didn’t make it but mapped out Western Africa in the process.
Charles Darwin
Took a voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle and published two important scientific documents: structure and distribution of coral reefs and The origin of a species in 1831.
Ferdinand Magellan
In 1519 he led the first exploration to sail around the world but died three months before it was completed, but his men still completed the voyage.
Eratosthenes
264 - 194 BC he calculated the earths circumference and invented the first longitude/latitude system
Ptolemy
In 150 ad he mapped a portion of the earth as a sphere on flat paper and continued to improve
Longitude and latitude grids into degrees, min, sec of the arc that we still using today.
Mathew Maury
U.S. Naval officer that discovered a worldwide pattern of surface winds and. Irene’s and published the first textbook on physical oceanography in 1855. Is also considered the “father of physical oceanography.”
Amerigo Vespucci
1454-1512 Italian explorer that voyaged to South America and is the first person to recognize the “new world” as a separate continent.
Chinese
1000 AD - invented the magnetic compass and ships with central rudders and watertight compartments.
Greeks
The first to use mathematics to make sophisticated maps for seafaring and developed longitude and latitude system still in place today.
Egyptians
2750 BC first recorded sea voyage for explorations
Europeans
1400-1700 set out for exploration trade routes, to establish colonies, and discover new lands.
Polynesians
Earliest known regular long distance open ocean travel in canoes made from tree trunks or planks that were sewn together with fiber rope and cracks sealed with tree sap.
Christopher Columbus
Portuguese explorer who set out to find a route to Asia and accidentally discovers the Americas in 1942.
United States
Wilkes and challenger expeditions
Vikings
Explored, raided, and established trade routes to Southern Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, Iceland, Greenland, and the Americas. We’re the first people to discover the eastern portion of the American continents when they landed in Canada.
Atlantis
In 1931 was the first ship specifically built and designed for ocean study and confirmed existence of the mid-Atlantic ridge.
Challenger
The first soundings deeper than 4,000 meters, discovered marine organisms in the deepest part of the ocean and identified 715 new genera and 4,717 new species
Challenger II
In 1951 found the deepest known part of the ocean located in the Marianas trench
German meteor
Mapped the Atlantic sea floor using echo-sound technology
Wilkes expedition
1838-1842 produces 19 volumes of maps, texts, and illustrations documenting its discoveries as well as proving the existence of the continent Antarctica.