Unit 2: History of Oceanography

Question 1

Leif Eriksson

Answer 1

Viking that landed in Newfoundland, Canada in 1000. First European to find North America.

Question 2

Pytheas

Answer 2

In Approx. 400 BC he determined the Atlantic tides are based on the moon and used degrees north and south of the North Star to navigate.

Question 3

James cook

Answer 3

Captain of the first sea expedition devoted to scientific oceanography and tried to find Antarctica.

Question 4

John Harrison

Answer 4

In 1735 he invented the chronometer.

Question 5

Prince Henry of Portugal

Answer 5

1400’s searched for a route to the east… Didn’t make it but mapped out Western Africa in the process.

Question 6

Charles Darwin

Answer 6

Took a voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle and published two important scientific documents: structure and distribution of coral reefs and The origin of a species in 1831.

Question 7

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 7

In 1519 he led the first exploration to sail around the world but died three months before it was completed, but his men still completed the voyage.

Question 8

Eratosthenes

Answer 8

264 - 194 BC he calculated the earths circumference and invented the first longitude/latitude system

Question 9

Ptolemy

Answer 9

In 150 ad he mapped a portion of the earth as a sphere on flat paper and continued to improve
Longitude and latitude grids into degrees, min, sec of the arc that we still using today.

Question 10

Mathew Maury

Answer 10

U.S. Naval officer that discovered a worldwide pattern of surface winds and. Irene’s and published the first textbook on physical oceanography in 1855. Is also considered the “father of physical oceanography.”

Question 11

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 11

1454-1512 Italian explorer that voyaged to South America and is the first person to recognize the “new world” as a separate continent.

Question 12

Chinese

Answer 12

1000 AD - invented the magnetic compass and ships with central rudders and watertight compartments.

Question 13

Greeks

Answer 13

The first to use mathematics to make sophisticated maps for seafaring and developed longitude and latitude system still in place today.

Question 14

Egyptians

Answer 14

2750 BC first recorded sea voyage for explorations

Question 15

Europeans

Answer 15

1400-1700 set out for exploration trade routes, to establish colonies, and discover new lands.

Question 16

Polynesians

Answer 16

Earliest known regular long distance open ocean travel in canoes made from tree trunks or planks that were sewn together with fiber rope and cracks sealed with tree sap.

Question 17

Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

Portuguese explorer who set out to find a route to Asia and accidentally discovers the Americas in 1942.

Question 18

United States

Answer 18

Wilkes and challenger expeditions

Question 19

Vikings

Answer 19

Explored, raided, and established trade routes to Southern Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, Iceland, Greenland, and the Americas. We’re the first people to discover the eastern portion of the American continents when they landed in Canada.

Question 20

Atlantis

Answer 20

In 1931 was the first ship specifically built and designed for ocean study and confirmed existence of the mid-Atlantic ridge.

Question 21

Challenger

Answer 21

The first soundings deeper than 4,000 meters, discovered marine organisms in the deepest part of the ocean and identified 715 new genera and 4,717 new species

Question 22

Challenger II

Answer 22

In 1951 found the deepest known part of the ocean located in the Marianas trench

Question 23

German meteor

Answer 23

Mapped the Atlantic sea floor using echo-sound technology

Question 24

Wilkes expedition

Answer 24

1838-1842 produces 19 volumes of maps, texts, and illustrations documenting its discoveries as well as proving the existence of the continent Antarctica.