Unit 2-Glossary

Question 1

Aldehyde

Answer 1

Compound with a carbonyl functional group (C=O) at the end of the molecule

At the side

Question 2

Ketone

Answer 2

Compound with a carbonyl functional group (C=O) within the carbon chain

Not on it’s own

Question 3

Peptide link

Answer 3

Amide link found in proteins

CONH

Question 4

Amide link

Answer 4

a group of atoms formed by condensation
polymerisation of amino acids during the formation of proteins. The amide link can be identified as -CO-NH

Question 5

Condensation

Answer 5

reaction in which two molecules combine to form a
larger molecule at the same time eliminating a small
molecule such as water

Question 6

Denaturing

Answer 6

physical alteration of the molecular shape of a protein
(or other molecule) as a result of temperature or pH
changes

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

protein molecules which act as catalysts in biological
processes

Question 8

Essential Amino
Acids

Answer 8

An amino acid that the body cannot make and must be obtained in diet.

Question 9

Free radicals

Answer 9

atoms or molecule containing unpaired electrons

Question 10

Free radical
scavengers

Answer 10

molecules which can react with free radicals to form
stable molecules and prevent chain reactions

Question 11

Hydrogenation

Answer 11

Addition of hydrogen to a carbon to carbon
multiple bond

breaking C=C

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

the breakdown of a molecule by reaction with water

Question 13

Oxidation

Answer 13

Reaction that results in increase in oxygen to hydrogen ratio.

For carbon compounds

Question 14

Reduction

Answer 14

Reaction that results in decrease in oxygen to hydrogen ratio.

For carbon compounds

Question 15

Polyunsaturated

Answer 15

molecule which has more than one carbon to carbon
bond

Question 16

Polyunsaturated

Answer 16

molecule which has more than one carbon to carbon
bond

Question 17

Proteins

Answer 17

Polymer made from joining of amino acids

Question 18

Saponification/Alkaline hydrolysis

Answer 18

the process by which soaps are made from fats and
oils in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 19

Systematic name of isoprene

Full name

Answer 19

2-methylbuta-1,3-diene

Question 20

Terpenes

Answer 20

Compounds that are often found in essential oils formed by joining together isoprene units

Question 21

Essential oils

Answer 21

Concentrated extracts of the volatile, non-water soluble aroma compounds from plants

Question 22

Volatility

Answer 22

Measure of ease of evaporation

Question 23

Viscosity

Answer 23

Measure of thickness of a liquid

Question 24

Triglycerides

Answer 24

molecules formed through the condensation of one
glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules

Question 25

Unsaturated

Answer 25

Molecules with at least one carbon to carbon double bond

C=C

Question 26

Systematic name of isoprene

Full name

Answer 26

2-methylbuta-1,3-diene